The biases in testing Essay Example for Free

The biases in testing Essay Many examples can be given for the biases in testing based on culture. Cultural biases have been in testing as long as testing has been around, whether intentional or not. With each passing year, however, it seems that cultural bias is more examined and those who create the tests are using stricter guidelines to insure that the tests they create are not biased towards one student more than another. For example, in New York City, students were given a question asking, â€Å"what were ways the British improved the lives of Africans? † it was prefaced with a passage from 1922 stating â€Å"We are endeavoring [trying] to teach the native races to conduct their own affairs with justice and humanity, and to educate them alike in letters and in industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This testing question has a clear cultural bias and shows â€Å"outright racism† according to one parents group (Rammohan, 2007). It’s ridiculous that questions like this are still showing up in standardized testing at all. Although, imperialism should be taught, it could have been presented in a less biased way. Jay Rosner in On White Preference from The Nation states another example of bias towards white students over others, â€Å"On the October 1998 SAT, for example, every single on of the 138 questions (sixty math and seventy-eight verbal) favored whites over blacks. By favoring whites, I mean that a higher percentage of white than black students answered correctly every question pre-screened and chosen to appear on that SAT†¦SAT forms are designed to very strongly correlate with one another. And the pattern I’ve identified is a predictable result of the way the tests are constructed. Latino test-takers are similarly affected, faring only a bit better than blacks. † Obviously, test takers are being gypped when it comes to standardized testing, and the tests are being biased towards white students. This example of white students performing better on all 138 pre-screened questions gives the indication that the system that is used to screen questions is in and of itself, biased, and therefore, in need of examination. Rosner goes on to give another example of the biases of test creators. On a pre-testing question where minority students actually performed better than white students, the question was thrown out, an obvious example of bias towards white students. Interestingly enough, Rosner’s entire reason for looking into the SAT and other standardized testing questions formulated by the ETS, the Educational Testing Service, was due to the fact that white students had filed a suit against the University of Michigan because they were allowing black students into the college with a lower SAT score and not accepting white students who may have a higher score. While it does not show test bias, it’s an interesting example of how the colleges may be cognizant of testing bias and how they are trying to rectify the discrepancies, i. e. allowing minority students who may have a lower SAT score into the college. As stated by Rosner, there is in fact, a twenty percent gap in performance on standardized testing between white students and minority students, displaying bias on the part of the ETS as their company formulates and screens questions before putting them onto the tests (Rosner, 2003). If they were, in fact, unbiased, why did they not allow the question where black students performed better than white? If they had allowed the question, then maybe we could state that they were at least making an effort towards being unbiased regarding test formulation and administration, unfortunately, all actions point to the contrary. As long as those formulating the tests are using biased criteria, our tests will continue to be biased and white students will continue to perform better than minority students. References Rammohan, Yasmin Tara. (9 May 2007). Advocates say standardized tests often flunk cultural bias scrutiny. Medill Reports Chicago. Retrieved from http://news. medill. northwestern. edu/chicago/news. aspx? id=35935. Rosner, Jay. (27 March 2003). On white preferences. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www. thenation. com/doc/20030414/rosner.

Samuel Sewall :: essays research papers

Samuel Sewall born in 1652 in England. He was taken as a child to Newbury, Massachusetts, and graduated from Harvard in 1671. He became a minister but gave up the role to take management of a printing press in Boston and entered upon a public career. He was elected in 1683 to the general court and was a member of the council. As one of the judges who tried the Salem witchcraft cases in 1692, he shared the responsibility for the conviction of nineteen persons. However, he became convinced of the error of these convictions and in 1697 in Old South Church, Boston, publicly accepted the â€Å"blame and shame† for them. Sewall served for thirty-seven years as judge of the superior court of the colony, being chief justice during the last ten years of his service. Sewall was also a well-known author and his most famous work was his three-volume diary, which is very revealing of Samuel Sewall and the period he lived in. Sewall was a respected figure of his time and shared relations w ith other prominent icons of the colonial era. When Sewall entered Harvard he shared a home for two years with Edward Taylor, a famous American poet who became a lifelong friend of Sewall’s. Also in the year of the Salem witch Trials Samuel Sewall was appointed as one of nine judges by Govenor Phips, another fellow judge on this board was Cotton Mather. A famous individual of colonial times he was a minister of Boston’s Old North Church and was a true believer in witchcraft. Sewall and Mather were both puritans, authors, and shared similar views. Samuel Sewall died in Boston, Massachusetts in 1730, January 1st. Samuel Sewall’s writing was of a traditional Puritan style. His work often concentrated on religion, politics, business life, and good living. But unlike Puritans of his time Sewall’s many writings addressed specific concerns about the rights of Native Americans and of African-Americans brought as slaves to the colonies. Sewall wrote the first Puritan anti-slaveholding tract The Selling of Joseph. The literary work that Sewall is most famous for is his Diary; it consists of a minute record of his daily life, reflecting his interest in living piously and well. He notes little purchases of sweets for a woman he was courting, and their disagreements over whether he should affect upper class and expensive ways such as wearing a wig and using a coach.

Change Essay

Change Essay All change has consequences. In Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg address 1863, John F. Kennedy’s 1961 Inaugural Speech 1963 and â€Å"Forgotten Jelly† by Megan Jacobson a story from the perspective of an overweight girl who is blinded by her attitude from her friend’s battle with anorexia, both the positive and negative consequences of change are explored. The effects of change are demonstrated in many different ways, however, they all attempt to convey a central aspect of change; that all change has ramifications.As highlighted in Lincoln’s Gettysburg address, he conveys to the audience that they must put aside their differences and instead draw on the heritage that they share. His phrase â€Å"our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation† unites the audience as they ponder their similarities with the South. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address also reflects on the history shared by all Americans as he attempts to unite th em behind the goal of world peace in the context of the Cold War â€Å"We are the heirs of the first revolution†¦ Let the word go forth that the torch has passed to a new generation of Americans†.This utilization of emotive language aims to unify of all America by provoking their natural patriotism. The greatest barrier to change can be our sense of self. Jacobson’s â€Å"Forgotten Jelly† explores this through the eyes of an overweight girl who fails to recognise the trauma her friend is going through. Jacobson employs hyperbole to convey to the reader how self-obsessed the narrator is. â€Å"Body quaking more than Tokyo† suggests that she wants to draw focus to herself. It also supports how badly damaged her self body image is.This is also explained by Lincoln when he invokes the â€Å"great civil war† America is engaged in, which he is not sure the nation can endure. Lincoln varies his sentences to emphasise the importance of the crossroads the nation is at and how they must look beyond themselves to a bigger picture. This notion is illuminated in his words â€Å"but in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate. † A united will can effect great change. In Kennedy’s Inaugural Address he knew he must inspire his people to enable them to help bring peace throughout the world.The United States was again at a crossroads with the Cold War at its height, Kennedy had become president by the narrowest of margins in history. His speech represents a turning point as nearly 75% of Americans expressed approval of Kennedy following his address. Kennedy immediately invoked both God and the shared heritage of the American citizens, to immediately unite his audience behind his call to unity as well as infusing his speech with a sense of higher purpose. I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed. † Similarly, Lincoln is the leader of a country at a critical point, the civil war ha s dragged on for several years. He invokes the Declaration of Independence the most sacred text in America to emphasise the fact that they must unite, before they destroy themselves. His reliance on inclusive language, specifically the word â€Å"we† which threads throughout the speech, binds the audience to a shared goal, it is as if the speaker in in effect all Americans.Lincoln also employs biblical referencing â€Å"fourscore and seven years ago†, the elegant ring of the biblical phrasing draws his audience to him as if he represents a form of higher power. Change can have both positive and negative consequences. This idea is conveyed in all three texts. Lincoln explains that the positive aspects will be that all men will be equal after the completion of the war. However, he also expresses regret that it has come to the point where people must give their lives so that everyone can be treated justly.This idea is underscored in the quote â€Å"All men are created eq ual†¦ those here gave their lives so that that nation may live. † Kennedy too notes that change has brought about many great endeavours as well as the â€Å"power to abolish all forms of human poverty. † He does express concern over that fact that mankind â€Å"has the power to abolish all forms of human life. † And Jacobson reflects on how the persona is now able to realise that she is not the centre of the universe, she is now able to help her friend in her darkest hour and become a better person for it. No-one noticed me†¦ I didn’t notice me. † This places in the spotlight the mental change she undertakes by employing repetition to highlight the fact. Change does not always come easily and can take time to accomplish. The complexity of change is emphasised by both Kennedy and Lincoln. Kennedy, whilst uniting his people behind him in a pledge for world peace explains that this change may not even happen in our lifetime. â€Å"This will n ot be finished in the first 100 days†¦ The first 1000 days†¦ Nor perhaps in our lifetime on the planet.But let us begin. † This draws his people in to him with the utilization of prepetition to illustrate the fact they can be world leaders. Lincoln conveys this message through the phrase â€Å"dedicated to the great task remaining before us† which employs high modality to illuminate that while they are dedicating this war cemetery to the dead. They must remember that their duty is to the living and fostering a better world for the future generations. Accordingly, change has consequences, both positive and negative.Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address that when resisted it can undermine national unity and indeed perpetuate war. Change can also be embraced positively not only by a certain group of people, but the whole world as represented in Kennedy’s Inaugural Address. Change can come without choice and lead to new insights, as revealed in Jacobsonâ€⠄¢s â€Å"Forgotten Jelly. † Change transforms, be it mental or physical, individual or universal it allows people to grow. Word count 1,131 By Jim Nash

The Book Happy Happy - 896 Words

What is happiness? The answers are endless, some people finding something more relatable than others. In the United States, we are given the freedom of speech, and everyone has his or her own opinion. Based on opinion it makes the world a different place. We are not all the same which is better. Happiness is something that can be taken it different ways, like the way it looks and feels but scientist and personal experiences show how it really is. Personally what makes me the happiest is on sports. Playing gives me a sense of something that nothing else can. But my roommate for example her happiness is reading. On the lacrosse field, I forget about everything that upsets or bothers me and let it free. It is the one place where nothing else matters in that moment but the sport I am playing. No thoughts of school, family issues, or anything to bother my play. A couple years ago, I was assigned to watch a movie called Happy. Happy is a documentary that explores the globe in search of what really makes people happy, taking real life stories and sharing what makes them happy truly happy. From tragedy to every day life, these people never let anything get in their way and want to live a life a pure happiness. Then recently I was reassigned to watch for this essay but watching it with a different point of view this time. Throughout the film, researchers stressed that physical activity is important to beat depression and to gain more happiness. The creation of dopamine occurs whenShow MoreRelatedThe Book If You Feel Happy 1558 Words   |  7 PagesIn the book, it states many different ideas and explanations for why some people can be generally happier than others. This can all be based on their affluence, well-being, materials, and overall health of their state of mind. Although some people do not have as many riches as others, they could be happier. This could be because of the person wears rose colored glasses towards the world. They could tell themselves that they are happy—despite misery. This could, in turn, let them push their problemsRead MoreBook Report On Happy Halloween 1729 Words   |  7 PagesBlog 1 – Happy Halloween arrives in time for the spooky season It is that time of year again, the time of year that brings out the very best in the online casino industry. Creativity is arguably at its peak during the autumn months, largely as the online casino industry looks to enter the Christmas season strong. Providing plenty of inspiration is the upcoming Halloween festivities, which always offer up images of ghouls and ghosts. Taking this inspiration to the next level is a brand new onlineRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book What Happy People Know 1621 Words   |  7 PagesEverybody should be happy! But according to Dr. Dan Baker, happiness is a â€Å"relatively rare quality† (6). He further states that it is â€Å"even scarcer now than it was in earlier, less affluent times† (6). But why are so many people so unhappy? In his book titled â€Å"What Happy People Know†, Dr. Baker reveals what years of research and personal clinical findings has taught him about the lack of happiness in America. People are afraid of failin g, not being enough, or not having enough which triggersRead MoreThe Happy Prince and Other Tales Book Summary3450 Words   |  14 Pages[pic] Publication data *Title of the book: The happy prince and other tales *Author: Oscar Wilde *Publisher: Noorsons publishers *Date of first publication: 1888(A.D) *Current publication: Not known *Number of stories: Five (5) *Number ofRead MoreThe Book Ethan Frome By Edith Wharton, Is Not A Happy One.930 Words   |  4 PagesThe book Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton, is not a happy one. You realize this fact from the very first chapter as you meet the tragic hero of the story. The dark tragedy that looms over the story is further emphasized when you are shown how things came to be, but you already know the outcome. As you read and see for yourself the sequence of event, gaps are filled in and a theme emerges from within the story. You see the world through Ethan’s eyes and it becomes easy to tell that his inward desiresRead MoreEssay about Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511129 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Criticism of Fahrenheit 451 Don’t worry, be happy, or at least that’s what everyone in Ray Bradbury’s book Fahrenheit 451 thought. No matter what was going on around them, war, crime, or death, they were always happy†¦ Or were they? Ray Bradbury wrote books about censorship in society forming around being censored totally or partially from books and television. In Fahrenheit 451 the main character, Montag, is a fireman whose job it is to burn books to keep the public from reading then and comingRead MoreTruth vs Happiness Fahrenheit 4511272 Words   |  6 PagesWould you rather be happy in your life and live in ignorance or would you rather live your life with more of a purpose? Even if that purpose means doing things that most people would frown upon. This is one of the conflicts the characters face in the book Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. Fahrenheit 451 is a book about a fireman named Guy Montag. In his society fireman start fires rather than put them out. Most fires started by t he firemen are fires in which they burn books. Most books are not allowedRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451, By Ray Bradbury929 Words   |  4 Pagesis distracted instead of being happy throughout the book. At the time, he was walking home from work and was looking at Clarisse. Clarisse is a girl who would roam the streets and was also Montags neighbor. She walks over to Guy and they start to have a conversation while walking to their houses. They discussing if talking about to see if Montag is really happy or if he was lying. She keeps questioning him. Bradbury explains â€Å"He was not happy. He was not happy. He said the words to himself.Read MoreIt s More Than Being Happy, By Emily Smith949 Words   |  4 Pagesworld and say that they were happy and enjoyed every single moment of it. People feel like if they lived a happy life, then that is all that matters. But what if life has more to do than just being happy, what if it was meant for you to change the world or the li ves of others? If you changed the life of another person and made them happy, you made a difference. A happy life is a good one, but a meaningful life is fruitful. In â€Å"There’s More to Life Than Being Happy,† written by Emily Smith, sheRead MoreOutline Of A Business Plan1617 Words   |  7 Pagesreputable company that will offer the same services as Happy Scrappy. Most companies will create photo books or send readymade scrap books in which customers will have to add in photos themselves. Although these companies sound similar Happy Scrappy allows customers to candidly create the scrapbook from start to finish. After comprehensive research in to the scrapbooking market, I have discovered a gap which can be undoubtedly accommodated for by Happy Scrappy. We specialise in a variety of uniquely hand

The Economy And Its Effect On Business Activities

There are two activities in the economy which affect business activities; Growth and recession are the main areas which affect a business organisation and its activities. An example is India. The economy in India has recently started to improve it is a growing economy , that is why William kings are considering building a site in India selling car parts and steel. India is slowly getting wealthier and gradually becoming better and it is new, there is so much benefits if a business is started in a new economy that is why it would be good influence towards William kings business. Mainly because in India the economy is the tenth-largest in the world which will make great for the business because there will be customers and the employee rate will be less costly comparing to the on in the UK. For example employees in India will be paid fewer amounts than employees in England because of the economy. Furthermore in India there are a lot distance form people’s houses and their work places. This is an advantage to William kings because it means if they India has one the largest road network it covers over 4.3 million kilometres that is why most people in India travel by motor bicycles and cars which consume less fuel. This would be good for William kings because it is a company that sells steel and cars require parts for them to function, this will allow the business to be a great success however other appliances made from steel might not be successful to sell in India becauseShow MoreRelatedImpacts of the Mafia735 Words   |  3 Pagescities all around the world. Most of the effects of the Mafia are negative, but there can be several positive effects on the culture and economy of the cities in which it frequents. Peter Maas declares organized crime the â€Å"biggest business in the country† (Maas). â€Å"The largest and best known organized crime group is the nationwide organization variously known as the ‘syndicate’, the ‘mob’, the ‘Mafia’, and the ‘Cosa Nostra’† (Nash, Jason O-155). Some activities of the Mafia include gambling, loan sharkingRead MoreDoes Oil Price Shocks Affect Business Cycles?994 Words   |  4 Pagesprice shocks affect business cycles, triggering a detrimental effect on the economic activity of some countries when they rise and a favourable effect when they fall. One instance could be the U.S., where the data suggests that most recessions after 1973 have been headed by oil price increases, which is often taken as evidence of recessions being caused by oil price shocks. This brings up to question through which channels oil price shocks might be transmitted to economic activity, to what extend specificRe ad MoreThe Long Run Consequences Of Slow Economic Recovery After Periods Of Recessions1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthe U.S. economy on wage earners of a four person family. Economy shifts were examined and its effect on the four member family, two adult wage earners, and two children was analyzed. This trend and shift of and within the economy contributed to the overall wholeness and well-being of the family. As a rising economy produced family stability and productive home environments, a declining economy produced insecurity and a negative home environment. Whether negative or positive, the economy attributedRead MoreThe Conflict Between Inflation And Unemployment1374 Words   |  6 Pagesand rising. India grew by 8.6% but her inflation rate was 8.3%. Persistently higher rates of inflation can then have negative effects on international trade performance, business profits and jobs and ultimately economic growth. When you attempt to control inflation by raising interest rates i t may cause the exchange rate to appreciate and this can have a damaging effect on demand in the export industries. Now the conflict between inflation and unemployment is a little different. During a periodRead MoreBusiness Cycles Macro Economic Conditions And Its Impact Towards The Country1396 Words   |  6 Pages Economics for Business Essay Question Lecture Name - Maruf Mostafa Student Name - Wastu Kankanamalage Gayani Chathurangi Maithripala Student ID – 11621711 Word Count – 1000 Introduction This essay will mainly focus, discussing business cycles in macro-economic conditions and their impact towards the country. The first part of the essay will describe different economic conditions within the macro-economic such as an economy boom and recession. The argument will bring out some definitionsRead MoreScrutinizing Job Seeker Activities1460 Words   |  6 Pagesview methods and processes associated with job seeker activities during these times need serious scrutiny. For that purpose, our goal is to explore an element of that needed conversation. Organization of This Document The content of this document is organized in a generalized, top-down manner that evolves or gets decomposition into more specific elements. At the most generalized level, the discussion is within the context of economic and business entity relationships and factors. At the lowest, itRead MoreThe Influence Of Two Contrasting Economic Environments On Business Activities Within A Selected Organisation1112 Words   |  5 Pages P5: Describe the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organisation. Introduction In this document, I will be describing the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organisation. I will be writing about supply and demand, unemployment, inflation, government policies and GDP. Step 1: Demand and Supply Demand Demand is when customers are willing to pay for a product or service at a reasonableRead MoreOutsourcing : Effect Of Outsourcing1631 Words   |  7 Pages OUTSOURCING : EFFECTS OF OUTSOURCING IN AMERICA DHANASHREE AROTE 83360 INDEX Serial No. Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. Benefits of Outsourcing 4. 3. Negative Effects 5 4. Managing Outsourcing 7 5. 6 Key Trends 8 6. Conclusion 8 7. References 9 INTRODUCTION In today’s global business competitive environment, business organizations must innovate and adapt new strategies to sustain revenue generation, value while remaining competitive. Organizations have embraced outsourcingRead MoreEconomic Phenomena Of Specialization And Diversification1747 Words   |  7 Pagestransformation of a variety of economic activities as opposed to the overwhelming development of a core strategic economic activity under Specialization. Under this context, the more diversified an economic system, the more competitive and resilient towards external factors it becomes. Perhaps â€Å"the most straightforward argument for the importance of diversification is that diversified economies are less vulnerable to economic shocks than specialized economies† (Kaulich F. 2012). On the other hand itRead MoreMonetary Policy And Interest Rates1588 Words   |  7 Pageswilling to save vs. put back into the economy. There are foreign language formulas that can depict various types of Multipliers, (GDP, TAX, Govt Spending) but for this document we will not touch on the related formulas. But trust me Ed, they are there. Monetary policy and interest rates As we learned in our Economics 545 class, the Government (our policy makers) is not the only entity that can manipulate the business cycle and our economic activities. There is an organization called the Federal

Swot Analysis The Swot - 1888 Words

The SWOT analysis, a strategic planning tool was developed by Albert Humphrey in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Albert is said to have come up with this strategic planning tool through the use of data the Fortune 500 companies in the United States of America at that time (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). A SWOT analysis determines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which are a relevant part of any organization especially the ones that get involved in new ventures. This tool assists the users in their quest to make wise and informed decisions. A SWOT analysis is mostly used together with other tools to determine the direction of a business venture. It can be used to analyze places, people, products or industries. It involves the†¦show more content†¦SWOT is an acronym for strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Bohm, 2009). Company or organizational strengths include the characteristics that make it advantageous over the rest. Weaknesses on the other hand are the disadvantageous attributes of a business, people or project in comparison to others. Opportunities represent the external factors that are likely to help an organization to achieve part or all of its objectives. Threats represent the external factors which may be harmful to an organization hindering it from achieving all or part of its objectives. Internal and external factors of a SWOT analysis are different. The internal factors are the previous experiences as well as the resources of an organization or company. Some of the things to be considered as the internal factors include the human resources, physical resources, finances, and the past experiences. Human resources may include the staff of an organization, volunteers, the targeted population as well as the company’s or organization’s board members (Pahl Ritcher, 2009). On the other hand, the physical resources are such as the location of a business, the characteristics of the building or the equipment used. Some of the questions to ask oneself during consideration of the physical resources include whether the building is in a prime location or needs renovation. Financial resources are such

Recruitment Process Outsourcing

Question: Discuss about the Recruitment Process Outsourcing. Answer: Introduction: While outsourcing essentially initiated as a strategy for reaping cost savings particularly in context of non-core functions, but over the last decade or so it has developed itself into a strategic tool responsible for competitive advantage. One of the prime facilitators of the same is the limited availability of skilled manpower and the global availability of the same. Further, in the knowledge economy, skilled manpower tends to be key differentiator for which firms have to scout globally. In this regard, RPO or Recruitment Process Outsourcing gains significance. RPO may be defined as a sub-category of BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) where the recruitment function is outsourced to an external agency which is rendered the responsibility of hiring skilled employees for the employer (Klaas, McClendon Gainey, 2001). Besides, cost savings RPO provides free time to HR managers which thus could be used to focus their attention on designing key HR strategies so as to enhance the overall satisfaction level of employees which would lead to higher productivity and retention. RPO as a process has been facilitated by the increasing focus of the management on talent management which essentially begins with recruitment. As a result, the HR managers globally have cashed upon outsourcing as a strategic option which could essentially improve talent management as a whole (Nelson and Gerard, 2005). Besides, it is critical to consider that in the globalised recruitment field, there are significant overhead costs which are often not noticed by the employer. But through the hiring of an agency in the RPO, it is comparatively easier to highlight and measure these costs which are otherwise hidden and thus uncontrollable (Mazur Kleiner, 2002). Besides, with the geographical spread of multinational organisations, it becomes essentially difficult for the employers to integrate all the requisite information so as to enable proactive workforce planning which indicates the estimated demand based on which recruitment needs to be periodically held. This is achieved through RPO whereby a dedicated agency is able to form an integrated platform for talent management (Stroh Treehuboff, 2003). This allows the HR personnel to save their crucial time and also allow for better hiring decisions so as to ensure that there is no shortage of requisite manpower while minimising the employees kept as buffer. An RPO can also provide a thorough analysis to the employer with regards to the job market and prevailing compensation and incentives that are being offered by other players. This information enables the employer to benchmark the compensation and related incentives being offered and allow them to make requisite changes in a timely manner so as to attract the best talent in the industry without overpaying (Shelgren, 2004). The methods deployed by the agency hired in the RPO tends to provide specialised knowledge about the appropriate tests to be considered to check specific skills the availability of manpower in line with the expectations of the employer. The specialist agency can enables the employer into highlighting the potential sources of candidates based on their underlying skill requirement. As a result, the RPO seems to a superior alternative in comparison with the available traditional hiring mechanism which the employer would otherwise use with lesser efficiency. Besides, being a specialist in recruitment services, the RPO agency could provide exposure to global best practices in terms of hiring to the employees besides ensuring that the organisation is not constrained by geographical parameters and is able to hire global talent (Nelson and Gerard, 2005). Having explored the benefits of RPO, it is imperative to shed light on the underlying process which is essential so as to be able to reap the above. The RPO process begins with the meeting between the employer and the specialised agency which is undertaken primarily to understand the requirements of the employer. Based on the underlying requirements, the underlying job description and specification is decided based on inputs from the employer. Further, with regards to the compensation to be offered, discussions are held with the HR executives of the employer and market trends are highlighted so that the employer can design suitable packages with inputs from the agency. Once this done, advertisements are placed through requisite sources where the chances to reach the desired candidates would potentially be the highest. Based on the responses and applications received by the interested candidates an initial screening is performed by the agency based on the criterion provided by the emp loyer (Masinovic, 2010). Initial interview is arranged by the RPO where the company HR personnel along with subject experts are invited so that further screening of the candidates can be done. Additionally, another round of HR interview and other tests (such as psychometric) may be held in assistance with the representatives of the employer which would enable them to finally select the best candidates. In the process of final selection, the agency provides key inputs based on their expertise and experience so as to help the employer make prudent choice (Shelgren, 2004). This is imperative since there are significant training costs that the employer invests on employees and as a result it is essential that the employees should stick around (Prowse Prowse, 2010). The agency issues offer letter to the selected candidates and also communicates with them with regards to their joining date and other formalities that they need to fulfil. As a result, it is evident that the RPO agency clearly plays a pivotal role a s a mediator between the employer and the candidates while ensuring benefits for both parties involved (Ordanini Silvestri, 2008). Based on the above description, the flow diagram of RPO is shown below. It is noteworthy that even though RPO is gaining higher acceptance and popularity but the key aspect for the success of this endeavour is the level of communication and coordination between the client and RPO agency. This would ensure that the client would be able to reap the benefits of specialised knowledge possessed by the agency. Also, it would enable that the agency would be able to provide relevant services to the client which would ensure long term relationship and mutual gains for the involved stakeholders (Stroh Treehuboff, 2003). Considering the potential gains that are on offer by RPO, it may be concluded that in the near future, it is expected that this trend would increase further so as to build competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive business place (Shelgren, 2004). References Klaas, B. S., McClendon, J. A. Gainey, T. W., (2001), Outsourcing HR: The impact of organisational characteristics, Human Resource Management, 40(2), 125- 138. Mazur, M., Kleiner, B. H. (2002), How to hire employees effectively, Management research news, 25(5), 21 Ordanini, A., Silvestri, G. (2008), Recruitment and selection services: Efficiency and competitive reasons in the outsourcing of HR practices, The international journal of human resource management, 19(2), 372-391 Prowse, P. Prowse, J. (2010), Whatever happened to human resource management performance?, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(2), 145-162. Masinovic, D. (2010), RECRUITMENT PROCESS OUTSOURCING AND ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE, CONNECTING THE DOTS, Retrieved December 23, 2016 from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:357986/FULLTEXT01.pdf Nelson, T. and Gerard, B. (2005), Recruitment Process Outsourcing: Transforming End-to-End Talent Acquisition, Retrieved December 23, 2016 from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiW5ceN9onRAhWHOo8KHXdXDWAQFggeMAEurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kornferry.com%2Finstitute%2Fdownload%2Fdownload%2Fid%2F17084%2Faid%2F184usg=AFQjCNEcEbK0KhDlzErm4Al6Yj9G5USshAsig2=O53wb9WgrY941pqhuYJphgbvm=bv.142059868,d.c2I Stroh, L.K. Treehuboff, D. (2003), Outsourcing HR functions: when and when not to go Outside, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 10(1) , 19-28. Shelgren, D. (2004), Why HR outsourcing continues to expand, Employment Relations Today, 3(2), 47-53.