The Economy And Its Effect On Business Activities

There are two activities in the economy which affect business activities; Growth and recession are the main areas which affect a business organisation and its activities. An example is India. The economy in India has recently started to improve it is a growing economy , that is why William kings are considering building a site in India selling car parts and steel. India is slowly getting wealthier and gradually becoming better and it is new, there is so much benefits if a business is started in a new economy that is why it would be good influence towards William kings business. Mainly because in India the economy is the tenth-largest in the world which will make great for the business because there will be customers and the employee rate will be less costly comparing to the on in the UK. For example employees in India will be paid fewer amounts than employees in England because of the economy. Furthermore in India there are a lot distance form people’s houses and their work places. This is an advantage to William kings because it means if they India has one the largest road network it covers over 4.3 million kilometres that is why most people in India travel by motor bicycles and cars which consume less fuel. This would be good for William kings because it is a company that sells steel and cars require parts for them to function, this will allow the business to be a great success however other appliances made from steel might not be successful to sell in India becauseShow MoreRelatedImpacts of the Mafia735 Words   |  3 Pagescities all around the world. Most of the effects of the Mafia are negative, but there can be several positive effects on the culture and economy of the cities in which it frequents. Peter Maas declares organized crime the â€Å"biggest business in the country† (Maas). â€Å"The largest and best known organized crime group is the nationwide organization variously known as the ‘syndicate’, the ‘mob’, the ‘Mafia’, and the ‘Cosa Nostra’† (Nash, Jason O-155). Some activities of the Mafia include gambling, loan sharkingRead MoreDoes Oil Price Shocks Affect Business Cycles?994 Words   |  4 Pagesprice shocks affect business cycles, triggering a detrimental effect on the economic activity of some countries when they rise and a favourable effect when they fall. One instance could be the U.S., where the data suggests that most recessions after 1973 have been headed by oil price increases, which is often taken as evidence of recessions being caused by oil price shocks. This brings up to question through which channels oil price shocks might be transmitted to economic activity, to what extend specificRe ad MoreThe Long Run Consequences Of Slow Economic Recovery After Periods Of Recessions1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthe U.S. economy on wage earners of a four person family. Economy shifts were examined and its effect on the four member family, two adult wage earners, and two children was analyzed. This trend and shift of and within the economy contributed to the overall wholeness and well-being of the family. As a rising economy produced family stability and productive home environments, a declining economy produced insecurity and a negative home environment. Whether negative or positive, the economy attributedRead MoreThe Conflict Between Inflation And Unemployment1374 Words   |  6 Pagesand rising. India grew by 8.6% but her inflation rate was 8.3%. Persistently higher rates of inflation can then have negative effects on international trade performance, business profits and jobs and ultimately economic growth. When you attempt to control inflation by raising interest rates i t may cause the exchange rate to appreciate and this can have a damaging effect on demand in the export industries. Now the conflict between inflation and unemployment is a little different. During a periodRead MoreBusiness Cycles Macro Economic Conditions And Its Impact Towards The Country1396 Words   |  6 Pages Economics for Business Essay Question Lecture Name - Maruf Mostafa Student Name - Wastu Kankanamalage Gayani Chathurangi Maithripala Student ID – 11621711 Word Count – 1000 Introduction This essay will mainly focus, discussing business cycles in macro-economic conditions and their impact towards the country. The first part of the essay will describe different economic conditions within the macro-economic such as an economy boom and recession. 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Introduction In this document, I will be describing the influence of two contrasting economic environments on business activities within a selected organisation. I will be writing about supply and demand, unemployment, inflation, government policies and GDP. Step 1: Demand and Supply Demand Demand is when customers are willing to pay for a product or service at a reasonableRead MoreOutsourcing : Effect Of Outsourcing1631 Words   |  7 Pages OUTSOURCING : EFFECTS OF OUTSOURCING IN AMERICA DHANASHREE AROTE 83360 INDEX Serial No. Topic Page No. 1. Introduction 3 2. Benefits of Outsourcing 4. 3. Negative Effects 5 4. Managing Outsourcing 7 5. 6 Key Trends 8 6. Conclusion 8 7. References 9 INTRODUCTION In today’s global business competitive environment, business organizations must innovate and adapt new strategies to sustain revenue generation, value while remaining competitive. Organizations have embraced outsourcingRead MoreEconomic Phenomena Of Specialization And Diversification1747 Words   |  7 Pagestransformation of a variety of economic activities as opposed to the overwhelming development of a core strategic economic activity under Specialization. Under this context, the more diversified an economic system, the more competitive and resilient towards external factors it becomes. Perhaps â€Å"the most straightforward argument for the importance of diversification is that diversified economies are less vulnerable to economic shocks than specialized economies† (Kaulich F. 2012). On the other hand itRead MoreMonetary Policy And Interest Rates1588 Words   |  7 Pageswilling to save vs. put back into the economy. There are foreign language formulas that can depict various types of Multipliers, (GDP, TAX, Govt Spending) but for this document we will not touch on the related formulas. But trust me Ed, they are there. 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Swot Analysis The Swot - 1888 Words

The SWOT analysis, a strategic planning tool was developed by Albert Humphrey in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Albert is said to have come up with this strategic planning tool through the use of data the Fortune 500 companies in the United States of America at that time (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). A SWOT analysis determines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which are a relevant part of any organization especially the ones that get involved in new ventures. This tool assists the users in their quest to make wise and informed decisions. A SWOT analysis is mostly used together with other tools to determine the direction of a business venture. It can be used to analyze places, people, products or industries. It involves the†¦show more content†¦SWOT is an acronym for strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Bohm, 2009). Company or organizational strengths include the characteristics that make it advantageous over the rest. Weaknesses on the other hand are the disadvantageous attributes of a business, people or project in comparison to others. Opportunities represent the external factors that are likely to help an organization to achieve part or all of its objectives. Threats represent the external factors which may be harmful to an organization hindering it from achieving all or part of its objectives. Internal and external factors of a SWOT analysis are different. The internal factors are the previous experiences as well as the resources of an organization or company. Some of the things to be considered as the internal factors include the human resources, physical resources, finances, and the past experiences. Human resources may include the staff of an organization, volunteers, the targeted population as well as the company’s or organization’s board members (Pahl Ritcher, 2009). On the other hand, the physical resources are such as the location of a business, the characteristics of the building or the equipment used. Some of the questions to ask oneself during consideration of the physical resources include whether the building is in a prime location or needs renovation. Financial resources are such

Recruitment Process Outsourcing

Question: Discuss about the Recruitment Process Outsourcing. Answer: Introduction: While outsourcing essentially initiated as a strategy for reaping cost savings particularly in context of non-core functions, but over the last decade or so it has developed itself into a strategic tool responsible for competitive advantage. One of the prime facilitators of the same is the limited availability of skilled manpower and the global availability of the same. Further, in the knowledge economy, skilled manpower tends to be key differentiator for which firms have to scout globally. In this regard, RPO or Recruitment Process Outsourcing gains significance. RPO may be defined as a sub-category of BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) where the recruitment function is outsourced to an external agency which is rendered the responsibility of hiring skilled employees for the employer (Klaas, McClendon Gainey, 2001). Besides, cost savings RPO provides free time to HR managers which thus could be used to focus their attention on designing key HR strategies so as to enhance the overall satisfaction level of employees which would lead to higher productivity and retention. RPO as a process has been facilitated by the increasing focus of the management on talent management which essentially begins with recruitment. As a result, the HR managers globally have cashed upon outsourcing as a strategic option which could essentially improve talent management as a whole (Nelson and Gerard, 2005). Besides, it is critical to consider that in the globalised recruitment field, there are significant overhead costs which are often not noticed by the employer. But through the hiring of an agency in the RPO, it is comparatively easier to highlight and measure these costs which are otherwise hidden and thus uncontrollable (Mazur Kleiner, 2002). Besides, with the geographical spread of multinational organisations, it becomes essentially difficult for the employers to integrate all the requisite information so as to enable proactive workforce planning which indicates the estimated demand based on which recruitment needs to be periodically held. This is achieved through RPO whereby a dedicated agency is able to form an integrated platform for talent management (Stroh Treehuboff, 2003). This allows the HR personnel to save their crucial time and also allow for better hiring decisions so as to ensure that there is no shortage of requisite manpower while minimising the employees kept as buffer. An RPO can also provide a thorough analysis to the employer with regards to the job market and prevailing compensation and incentives that are being offered by other players. This information enables the employer to benchmark the compensation and related incentives being offered and allow them to make requisite changes in a timely manner so as to attract the best talent in the industry without overpaying (Shelgren, 2004). The methods deployed by the agency hired in the RPO tends to provide specialised knowledge about the appropriate tests to be considered to check specific skills the availability of manpower in line with the expectations of the employer. The specialist agency can enables the employer into highlighting the potential sources of candidates based on their underlying skill requirement. As a result, the RPO seems to a superior alternative in comparison with the available traditional hiring mechanism which the employer would otherwise use with lesser efficiency. Besides, being a specialist in recruitment services, the RPO agency could provide exposure to global best practices in terms of hiring to the employees besides ensuring that the organisation is not constrained by geographical parameters and is able to hire global talent (Nelson and Gerard, 2005). Having explored the benefits of RPO, it is imperative to shed light on the underlying process which is essential so as to be able to reap the above. The RPO process begins with the meeting between the employer and the specialised agency which is undertaken primarily to understand the requirements of the employer. Based on the underlying requirements, the underlying job description and specification is decided based on inputs from the employer. Further, with regards to the compensation to be offered, discussions are held with the HR executives of the employer and market trends are highlighted so that the employer can design suitable packages with inputs from the agency. Once this done, advertisements are placed through requisite sources where the chances to reach the desired candidates would potentially be the highest. Based on the responses and applications received by the interested candidates an initial screening is performed by the agency based on the criterion provided by the emp loyer (Masinovic, 2010). Initial interview is arranged by the RPO where the company HR personnel along with subject experts are invited so that further screening of the candidates can be done. Additionally, another round of HR interview and other tests (such as psychometric) may be held in assistance with the representatives of the employer which would enable them to finally select the best candidates. In the process of final selection, the agency provides key inputs based on their expertise and experience so as to help the employer make prudent choice (Shelgren, 2004). This is imperative since there are significant training costs that the employer invests on employees and as a result it is essential that the employees should stick around (Prowse Prowse, 2010). The agency issues offer letter to the selected candidates and also communicates with them with regards to their joining date and other formalities that they need to fulfil. As a result, it is evident that the RPO agency clearly plays a pivotal role a s a mediator between the employer and the candidates while ensuring benefits for both parties involved (Ordanini Silvestri, 2008). Based on the above description, the flow diagram of RPO is shown below. It is noteworthy that even though RPO is gaining higher acceptance and popularity but the key aspect for the success of this endeavour is the level of communication and coordination between the client and RPO agency. This would ensure that the client would be able to reap the benefits of specialised knowledge possessed by the agency. Also, it would enable that the agency would be able to provide relevant services to the client which would ensure long term relationship and mutual gains for the involved stakeholders (Stroh Treehuboff, 2003). Considering the potential gains that are on offer by RPO, it may be concluded that in the near future, it is expected that this trend would increase further so as to build competitive advantage in an increasingly competitive business place (Shelgren, 2004). References Klaas, B. S., McClendon, J. A. Gainey, T. W., (2001), Outsourcing HR: The impact of organisational characteristics, Human Resource Management, 40(2), 125- 138. Mazur, M., Kleiner, B. H. (2002), How to hire employees effectively, Management research news, 25(5), 21 Ordanini, A., Silvestri, G. (2008), Recruitment and selection services: Efficiency and competitive reasons in the outsourcing of HR practices, The international journal of human resource management, 19(2), 372-391 Prowse, P. Prowse, J. (2010), Whatever happened to human resource management performance?, International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(2), 145-162. Masinovic, D. (2010), RECRUITMENT PROCESS OUTSOURCING AND ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE, CONNECTING THE DOTS, Retrieved December 23, 2016 from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:357986/FULLTEXT01.pdf Nelson, T. and Gerard, B. (2005), Recruitment Process Outsourcing: Transforming End-to-End Talent Acquisition, Retrieved December 23, 2016 from https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=2cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwiW5ceN9onRAhWHOo8KHXdXDWAQFggeMAEurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kornferry.com%2Finstitute%2Fdownload%2Fdownload%2Fid%2F17084%2Faid%2F184usg=AFQjCNEcEbK0KhDlzErm4Al6Yj9G5USshAsig2=O53wb9WgrY941pqhuYJphgbvm=bv.142059868,d.c2I Stroh, L.K. Treehuboff, D. (2003), Outsourcing HR functions: when and when not to go Outside, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 10(1) , 19-28. Shelgren, D. (2004), Why HR outsourcing continues to expand, Employment Relations Today, 3(2), 47-53.

Women in Combat Essays (810 words) - Gender Studies, Gender

Should women be allowed to serve in combat roles in the military like men? At the beginning of the twentieth century, women were struggling for their right to be considered equal to men. In the early 1900s they achieved their first real victory when women were granted the right to vote. Before this time, women were not allowed to vote because they were told that the polling places were unsafe. Women were taught to stay at home and take care of their families. It is now the 21st century, and women have achieved yet another victory. Women have gained the right to participate in military combat. It is a different time, but the scenario is very similar to what it was many years ago. Many people still believe that woman?s place is at home raising and taking care of the family. However, women have had to prove again and again that, in most situations, they are capable of performing at the same level as any man. Women are continually fighting for the same rights afforded to men, and engagin g in military combat is a right to which they are entitled. Proponents of women in combat believed that putting women in military combat is the cutting edge of the feminist goal to force people into an androgynous society. History offers no evidence for the proposition that the assignment of women to military combats is the way to win wars, improve combat readiness, or even promote national security. No country in history has ever sent mothers of toddlers off to fight enemy soldiers until the United States did this in the Iraq war. In addition, one of the most important factors that show how women are not as effective as men in combat situations is the obvious fact that they perform on different physical levels. Another important point is the fact that women are much more susceptible to injury than men. These factors could weigh heavily for the competence and effectiveness of a normally trained woman in battle. Therefore, the environment of war includes many variables that the men must overcome and make quick and well educated decisions. When worrying about health-care and hygiene during war a soldier cannot make good decisions. Women in the Persian Gulf War often traveled in the back of trucks with male soldiers. Some of the areas were so littered with land mines that it was unsafe to walk even a few feet from the truck. The men were able to urinate while standing in a corner of the bed. But the women did not have portable toilets or even rudimentary chamber pot. If women are allowed to enter the combat environment, they will not physically support the stress of staying alive. When it comes right down to it, men and women can participate equally in any situation, when given the chance. Women of today are ambitious, especially women who are entering into military combat because of the resistance they have encountered for so long. Women are competitive and often take charge and seize control of any situation. They know what they want and will go to great lengths to achieve it. Women can be tough and unemotional, even in times of distress. These are not characteristics that have been linked with women because, traditionally, these were characteristics only a man could possess. As others contends that fame, aggressiveness, achievement, and self confidence were territories into which very few women dared to enter. However, society is slowly realizing that women do possess many of the same traits as men, but historically, women have been unable to exhibit them. In many cases, women will not be as strong as men, but does this fact really have any bearing on women engaging in combat? In the past, strength for hand to hand combat was necessary. With technology as it is today, hand to hand combat is almost obsolete. Much of the fighting today is done using advanced computer technology and nuclear weapons. Strength does not increase intelligence, and both men and women are equally qualified to operate a computer. That doesn?t mean, by the way, that I am a bloodthirsty militarist. I think most of our nation?s recent wars have been mistakes, and

The Da Vinci Code Essay Example

The Da Vinci Code Paper The Da Vinci Code is a thriller novel by the American author Dan Brown. The novel is based on the controversial premise that there is a conspiracy within the Catholic Church to cover up the true story of Jesus. The text is constructed to position readers through characterization and narration. The story explores the issues of the false conflict between faith and knowledge. Sophies plans for Langdon and her to escape from the crime scene suggest that this is a thriller story. This similarity with action thrillers creates expectations about the plot. Thriller stories become personal where the crime draws in aspects of the protagonists life to change the plot from a professional action to a personal quest. This is taken even further when the protagonist becomes the victim. The event of the stunning historical truth about to be lost forever provokes reactions in the characters. In the scene where Silas threatens to kill Sauniere, he said tell me where the secret is, there is nothing you can do. This creates a mixed sense of anticipation and foreboding. The behavior of the characters encourages us to develop our response to them. The monks cruelty reduces our sympathy for him and we feel the dread of Opus Dei, the Christian organization which he follows. We identify with the victim because we know something terrible is about to happen and there is nothing we can do about it. As well as this empathy with the victim, were also tempted to emphasize with the antagonist. Therefore, the thrill of thrillers comes from this generated attitude of the modern western world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The protagonists sudden realization that they are in the mercy of Teabing was shocking, and will significantly alter our perceptions of Teabings character. Any re-reading of the story will be affected by our knowledge of his actual identity. Using Sophie as hostage, he threatens to kill her if Langdon does not let him know the resting place of the grail. This makes us aware of the description of his character, whose motives appeared to be parallel to those of the Priory of Sion. We realize that as well as a welcome benefactor for the protagonists, Teabing also has all the characteristics of a thriller antagonist. His mindset is unencumbered by his grail obsession and so become motivated in his plans not by finding the truth, but by does it achieve the aims or not. He has institutional power that comes from being rich and having access to the functions of Opus Dei. Much of the protagonists actions are as a reaction to the antagonists plans. He drives the plot and energizes the story. Thus this thriller differs in its extraordinarily masterminded antagonist. The effect of embedding multiple narratives within each other is used in singular effect in some parts of the novel. The central part of the narration consists of Langdons and Sophies experiences in the complicated quest, which is followed closely within Silass account of attacking them. This in turn is contained within the French Judiciaries account of detecting and chasing Langdon and Sophie and the Opus Dei follower, Silas. The embedded structure is used where the opposing organizations view of the sacred grail is discussed through Bishop Aringarosas conversations and in Sophies memories of Jacquires Sauniere. This technique of using multiple embedded narrators gives the opportunity to play with the readers sympathy and offers various different ways of interpreting the novel. Omniscient narration is used to speak from the point of view of several characters, describing what they see and hear. There are important scenes that provide readers with more knowledge than the central character. This is shown in Silass account of revelation in the Church of Saint-Suplice which is entirely his point of view. There are some scenes of contact between Bishop Aringarosa and Chief Fache that are not presented from the protagonists perspectives. These scenes allow the reader to raise possible interpretations of the events which the central characters were unaware. The narrator also provides background information and pieces of knowledge unknown to other characters. However, the writer does not provide the reader with the complete understanding of the grail mystery in advance of the protagonists recognition. The moment when both the protagonist and the reader understand what the grail really is about is seen from the protagonists point of view. The novel follows the narrative pattern of a mystery and a thriller story. It has the rising action of the search for the secret, at the climax the protagonists discover who was behind the murders, and the falling action when the protagonists discover about Sophies family and Langdon discovers the resting place of the Grail. The story is told this way in order to provide maximum suspense for the reader. The writer also anticipates events. Teabings questions to Sophie about whether she would reveal the secret to the world if she had the choice foreshadows Teabings obsession with the necessity of revelation. This order of telling the events to the reader anticipates Teabing as the culprit. Although the story uses many legendary motifs such as the trail of clues hidden in the works of Leonardo Da Vinci and the similarity with Indiana Jones, it differs in its objective and earnest tone. The structural and symbolic importance of Sophies red hair foreshadows her divine blood. Teabing shows Sophie that Mary Magdalene is depicted with red hair in The Last Supper. By the end of the novel, we understand that Sophie is of Mary Magdalenes bloodline. Red hair was intended to be an allegory of the story of Magdalene. It is associated with the desire to expose the truth about the Grail. The Church has enforced ignorance about the existence of the descendents of Jesus. Although at one point Langdon says that the secrets of the Grail should be preserved in order to allow people to keep their faith, he also thinks that people who truly believe in God will be able to accept the idea that the Bible is full of metaphors, not literal transcripts of the truth. This means that peoples faith can withstand the truth. This story is therefore a view of reality of the false conflict between faith and knowledge. Reading in contextual conjunction with other Brown novels dealing with the same theme, The Da Vinci Code helps us to understand the heretical conspiracy theories against the Churches that has been around for centuries; it illuminates our view of the Churches influences, which involves the subjectivity of history and the conspiracy to cover up the truth forever, the effect of which, in the wake of numerous discoveries of the Grail motifs obscured in the works of Da Vinci and the strict opposition of Opus Dei, is a story that explores certain aspects of Christian history. As a critic had put it, the Da Vinci Code is a deeply empowering and positive force that opens doors for readers to their own explorations and rekindles their interest in topics of faith. I incline to Watsons view, for it promotes spiritual discussion and debate. This is achieved with the ideas written within the context of a popular thriller. Readers see the importance of characterization in the story in the development of our response to Langdon, Sophie and Teabing. The excitement of the thriller comes from a masterminded plot that is generated by the extraordinary antagonist. The narrative method uses multiple narratives from different point of views to alert the reader to different interpretations of the text. The text is designed to engage the reader through introspection and exploration of our faith.

Free Essays on Odyssey-penelope

Penelope was the paragon of marital devotion and fidelity. Penelope showed us exactly of how women’s character was to be played out. They were beautiful, intelligent, and submissive to their husbands and/or other men. The fact that Homer continuously mentions Penelope’s beauty shows us that this feature was expected of a woman. A quality in which Penelope was blessed with. At the beginning, Homer introduces us to Penelope saying this: "She came, then, down the long stairs of her house, this beautiful lady," (Odyssey. 1.233). In every scene that the she performs, Homer states of her beauty. Intelligence is shown to us by Penelope all throughout the books. For example Penelope says she will marry again once her sewing is complete, but every night she unwinds it, she is able to fool the suitors to avoid an unwanted marriage. The women role of submissiveness is shown when the suitors arrived for Penelope. Despite her unwillingness to choose a new husband she remained obedient to them. Showing them much generosity as Homer states, "Attendants poured water over their fingers, while the maids piled baskets full of brown loaves near at hand, and houseboys brimmed the bowls with wine." (Odyssey 229) Her submissiveness to her husband is widely shown throughout the book. Penelope continues to remain devoted to him and only him. The Odyssey seems to be the product a society in which the dominant role was played by the men. The Odyssey has shown women in subservient roles. Many of these characteristics are still valued in the women of today, now whether or not the women of today adhere to them is a different story. I think many of the women of today’s society want to be beautiful, and intelligent, but it is not as highly expected of them to do so.... Free Essays on Odyssey-penelope Free Essays on Odyssey-penelope Penelope was the paragon of marital devotion and fidelity. Penelope showed us exactly of how women’s character was to be played out. They were beautiful, intelligent, and submissive to their husbands and/or other men. The fact that Homer continuously mentions Penelope’s beauty shows us that this feature was expected of a woman. A quality in which Penelope was blessed with. At the beginning, Homer introduces us to Penelope saying this: "She came, then, down the long stairs of her house, this beautiful lady," (Odyssey. 1.233). In every scene that the she performs, Homer states of her beauty. Intelligence is shown to us by Penelope all throughout the books. For example Penelope says she will marry again once her sewing is complete, but every night she unwinds it, she is able to fool the suitors to avoid an unwanted marriage. The women role of submissiveness is shown when the suitors arrived for Penelope. Despite her unwillingness to choose a new husband she remained obedient to them. Showing them much generosity as Homer states, "Attendants poured water over their fingers, while the maids piled baskets full of brown loaves near at hand, and houseboys brimmed the bowls with wine." (Odyssey 229) Her submissiveness to her husband is widely shown throughout the book. Penelope continues to remain devoted to him and only him. The Odyssey seems to be the product a society in which the dominant role was played by the men. The Odyssey has shown women in subservient roles. Many of these characteristics are still valued in the women of today, now whether or not the women of today adhere to them is a different story. I think many of the women of today’s society want to be beautiful, and intelligent, but it is not as highly expected of them to do so....

Sexual harrassment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sexual harrassment - Essay Example The victim-blaming, the apathy, the indifference, and sometimes contempt and hostility women face from police, from family members, from teachers, from hospital personnel, and from judges and juries are informed by women's social identities, locations, and histories. The mostly negative responses to women who experience violence are often as hurtful as the incidents because they reinforce the messages that women are to blame, that women deserve to be abused, that women accept oppression, and that women are unworthy of social justice. Sexual harassment is defined as "unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature" (Dobrich 2002, p. 4). It is common for female employees to be subjected to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Although not illegal per se, such behavior is illegal when it is used by managers and supervisors to decide whether to hire or fire someone; when it is used to determine pay, promotion, or job assignment; and when it creates a hostile, or offensive work environment. "Examples of verbal harassment could include sexual comments, suggestions, jokes, or innuendos; nonverbal harassment could include suggestive looks, leering, or ogling; and physical harassment could include accidentally brushing against someone's body, 'friendly' pats, squeezes or pinches, and forced exual relations" ( Webb, 1981, p. 5 cited Howard 2007, p. 7). In the last thirty years, the feminist struggle to end sexual harassment against women has sought to creat e language to describe, to protest, and to transform the conditions of our lives. Activists created and redefined terms such as "battered woman, " "wife battering, " and "sexual harassment, " among others, to clarify the social and political ramifications of interpersonal/institutional violence against women. Yet this language often gets incorporated into a social landscape that pathologizes women rather than critically analyzes the social underpinnings of the violence. As bell hooks says of the term "battered woman" (Vivian and Pharm 1998). Signs of sexual Harassment Sexual harassment involves the victimization, the isolation, the lack of support, the pain of betrayal, or the despair of battery and rape in women's lives. Women continue to live in communities where intimate, intragroup abuse and violence are not recognized and it's necessary to describe their painful realities. If we are in denial of the ways in which we have been victimized, then personal change and social transformation are impossible. Speaking out about the harm done and labeling the experiences as battering, rape, incestuous assault, and/or attempted murder are essential components of healing, recovery, self-determination and social change (Howard 2007). However, identifying women who've experienced abuse as only or predominantly victims and survivors of abuse, violence, battering, and rape eventually reinforces our status as victims by reducing us to what someone else did to us. When we only describe the individual damage to each other and when we solely seek validation and s upport for the individual pain endured, it can lead to depression and despair (MacKinnon 2003).

Ismg 15 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ismg 15 - Essay Example To be able to overcome the fears of undesirable outcomes of speaking the truth, one needs moral courage. Moral courage is not exactly different from physical courage but varies in degree and occasions that present risk. Both present a risk possibility. By doing one’s nearest duty, McCain means people should place a focus on their personal obligations or responsibilities. People should keenly attend to the tasks that form their day, and perform with their best ability. The fact that McCain is a high profile politician adds an element to that idea. As a politician, he could be clarifying his duty as the people’s servant. His nearest duty is representing the peoples’ interests and grievances to the government. His political career best describes his undertaking of his nearest duty. McCain’s decision to decline the offer for freedom shows his moral courage because he was not willing to leave his comrades behind. Although he might have been aware of the consequences of his decision, he put aside his personal interests and chose to remain with his soldiers. The torture he opted to undergo suggests his physical courage. I approve of Kierkegaard’s father’s teaching technique. In as much as he often denied him permission to go out, the day he offered to take him on a walking tour he was so elaborate in describing details of what Kierkegaard did not know. He may have been waiting for that day to be the one to offer his son the deepest and derailed teaching, just as he did. Kierkegaard identifies more with Williams. Unlike the friend who does not want to choose, Kierkegaard had earlier made a decision to get married to Regine Olsen, whom he then broke up with just before writing the article. He knew firsthand the consequences of getting married and regretting it, or not getting married and regretting it because he had been in both worlds. The second excerpt is similar to Sartre’s theory of existential

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Research Paper Example Many firms have been able to meet these long-standing regulations by relying on the domain knowledge while the periodic regulations were met through the knowledge from corporate legal staff. However, this system has since changed and adapted a new regulatory environment that includes the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley). All the publicly traded companies are required to comply with this new act; changing the regulator culture from the initial legislative act. Sarbanes-Oxley and a host of other related regulations has fostered for the governance, risk and compliance aspects of regulations for both American-based and international companies. The congress enacted this act with the aim of mitigating unprecedented financial fraud. Its core objective is to ensure the accuracy and legitimacy of corporate financial disclosures for purposes of safeguarding the interests of investors and other shareholders. Before the introduction of this act, most of the public corporations were reluctant to abide by some of the regulations such as complying with the environmental reporting requirements. With the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley act, more accountability has been realized and tougher penalties have been set for defaulters, compelling most of the organizations to abide by the set regulations. This is a clear indication of the efficiency of the act in minimizing fraud (Orin, 2008). Sarbanes-Oxley also requires that the SEC undertakes regular reviews on financial reports in a systematic and professional manner for the reporting companies. The scope of this review encompasses environmental liabilities to ascertain whether the system is in compliance with regulations. The top executive officials of the firm are obligated to ensure accurate and authentic disclosure of potential liabilities to the public domain. With increased scrutiny and accountability, the regulatory act works to avoid fraud now and in the future (Orin, 2008). As documented in the

Observing the behaviour of consumers while shopping

Observing the behaviour of consumers while shopping This essay is based on an analysis of research observations which took place at a Supermarket in Bradford. The aim of the exercise was to observe the behaviour of consumers while shopping in order to theorise and draw conclusions from our observations about consumer buying behaviour when shopping. As a means of interpreting and analysing the data we used the psychoanalytical perspective of Freud, pester power and independent and interdependent self concept. These concepts particularly lend themselves to the interpretation of the data. This essay begins by defining these key concepts before offering an analysis data the research data. Freudian personality theory is otherwise known as the psychoanalytic theory and it is often used by marketers to influence the purchasing decisions of customers in an unconscious way (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). The theory is composed of three categories namely the id, the superego and the ego. The id according to Freud is part of our unconscious being as it functions with regards to the pleasure principle; the pleasure is applicable to the id as it seeks immediate gratification of needs (Bettany, 2011 and Solomon, 2011). Hoch and Loewestein (1991:498) claim that the id is the primary process of thinking that is impulsive, stingy and illogical whose aim is to seek pleasure only, avoid pain and not at all worried about the consequences of its actions (Solomon, 2011). Similarly, Hoch and Loewestein (1991:498) note that the ego is secondary process thinking that uses the reality principle and acts as a mediator between the id and the superego. Next is the ego which is aware of the consequences of an action and when it is unable to manage the action a conflict between the id and the superego results and the individual gets anxious (Bettany, 2011). The superego on the other hand is the internalised sense of justice, a persons moral conscience and it is developed last (Solomon, 2011; Bettany, 2011). The superego is derived from the values and morals a child learnt from their interaction with society, family and friends. Whereas as Freud psychoanalytical theory could be applied to both children and adults in terms of explaining consumers behaviours pester power on the other hand is primarily concerned with childrens behaviours. It can be defined as a childs attempts to exert influence over parental purchase in a repetitive and sometimes confrontational manner Nicholls and Cullen (2004:77). Another definition of pester power is presented by Procter and Richards (2002:3) which suggests it is the repeated delivery of unwanted requests. What this means is that parents are bombarded with requests, gestures and pleas from their children to buy items such as foods, toys and clothes. Most often children who carry out this act get what they want (Nicholls and Cullens, 2004). Children might be influenced by either their peers at school (Smithers, 2010) or by advertisements seen on the television (Chandler and Heinzerling, 1998, Smithers, 2010). This framework was used because of our interest in how children in fluence the buying power of their parents. The final theoretical framework employed in this essay is the interdependent and independent self-concept. The interdependent self-concept has been defined in terms of seeing oneself as part of an encompassing relationship and recognizing that ones behaviour is determined, contingent on and, to a large extent, organised by what the actor perceives to be the thoughts, feelings, and actions of others in the relationship (Markus and Kitayama, 1991, p. 227). Markus and Kitayama (1991, 1994) regard the independent self-concept as bounded, unitary, stable, autonomous, individualist, egocentric, self-contained, separate, and detached from the social context. This self-concept is perceived as a distinctive configuration of traits, thoughts and feelings that regulate individual behaviour and underlie individual strivings towards the fulfillment of personal goals such as realising oneself (Milland and Reynolds, 2011). The id is manifested in a baby girl who would not stop crying despite the fact her mother rocked her while she was in the trolley, called out her name and spoke to her. Since her basic desire to maximise pleasure has not been met, she cried continuously. People around the family recognised the child was an infant in need of her mothers attention; they did not mind and instead went about their business. The eldest son aged between 3-5 years has matured from the id stage to the ego. This was seen by the actions he displayed when he listened intently to his mothers instruction and returned the LEGO back to the shelf. He understood the reality of the situation and realised the consequence was not pleasant. The ego being the reality principle ensures the ids needs are met in a realistic manner (Solomon, 2011). Although initially he insisted on having his way, that is to say, wanted his mother to buy the toy for his friend, realising she would not back down from her position, he relented and obeyed her instructions. In this event the mother prevailed. The eldest son would have developed his superego and this act as a moral conscience in him with regards to dictating a sense of wrong and right (Solomon, 2011). The moral lesson taught by his mother manifested when he realised his mother would not buy the LEGO, he obeyed her and returned it. In relation to the accepted behaviour in the store, the mother did not seem to mind that her eldest son had left her side to pick up a LEGO in the toy aisle. This might indicate that the mother sees the child as independent to a certain degree. The child in demonstrating his independent to his mother by listens to her and responding appropriately seemed to give her a sense of pleasure. The id also appeared to be apparent in a boy who was pushed around the supermarket by his aunt. The thrill of being pushed was heard in his shouts of excitement, laughing and shouting again, again after his aunt stopped. The boy clearly relished this moment as he seeks pleasure. He operates according to the pleasure principle and was not concerned that his aunt was exhausted and needed a break. Another example, of the manifestation of the id was a crying boy in his push chair, even though he was comforted by his mother, he kept on crying because his need for sleep was not met. Maslow hierarchy of need is also relevant in explaining this example. According to Maslow sleep is regarded as one of the most basic of needs but this mother also wanted to get on with her shopping because it gave her a sense of satisfaction even pleasure in seeking to satisfy two another basic psychological needs which are food and security (Blackwell et al 2006). Later on, one came across the same woman and her son who was fast asleep in his push chair while his mother continued with her shopping in peace. Closely related to but different from the psychological theory of Freud is the concept of pester power. In this example, one came across a mother who has three children. The infant a baby girl and small son who were seated in the trolley; the mother was busy examining the supermarket shelf filled with gifts for new-born and the third child the eldest, was at the aisle for children toys. He brought her a football asking if he can get the ball for his friend Barry. His mother said no and he took the ball back to where he got if from. Next he came back with a LEGO and pleaded with his mother to buy him the toy. He rubbed his two hands together saying mama please I want Lego, she told him he could not have the Lego because he had more than enough toys. Nevertheless, the child persisted begging his mother but she did not change her mind and since she refused his requests to purchase the toy, he returned it back to the shelf. Following this incident the mother spent a considerable amount o f time on the aisle; as she picked up different gifts, looked at the gifts before settling for a gift bag and money-box. She left the aisle and came back again looking at each gifts. The baby girl started crying and the mother called out her name to stop her crying but the baby persisted. The mother picked up a baby cushion, looked at the cushion, the price, placed the product in her trolley and left the aisle for another. Yet, the babys crying persisted. Pester power is a consumer behaviour concept that has become a relevant issue in society because of childrens ability to influence their parents skilfully into getting them products has increased greatly (Oaff, 2001; Smithers, 2010). Nowadays, parents seem to be under a lot of pester pressure to provide their childrens wants and not needs; the pressure is more manifest during Christmas and birthdays (Smithers, 2010) and in some cases, parents have to forgo basic necessities in order to meet and fulfil their childrens wish. Some parents are even willing to go into debt due to pester power (Oaff, 2001 and Smithers, 2010). Now, one could argue that parents are at fault by spoiling their children with presents and granting their every wish. Yet, another perspective could be parents truly believe that by providing for their children, the child will not want for anything. This probably again is linked to Maslows hierarchy when parents gain a level of self-fulfilment by satisfying the needs of their children. Smithers (2010), argues that pester power is due to a commercialised society that has transformed festive periods into money-making machine pushed by adverts on childrens television and influenced by friends at schools. In the case of this ethnography study, the mother did prevail against pester power because the mother has developed well-honed antennae which detects her sons attempts to influence her (Marshall et al., 2007). Yet, one wondered if the study had taken place in the holiday season, would the mother have relented and purchased the Lego for her son? Mehrotra and Torges (1977) suggest that when shopping for food, parents often yield to their childrens influence and purchase what their children want. The reason for this is the fact that children have been exposed to adverts on television. This as a consequence enables them to impact their parents purchase behaviour (Chandler and Heinzerling, 1998). This might also be due to the fact that some of the children do not eat much at home and therefore, the parents are worried and have tried everything yet nothing seems to work. So, when shopping with their children, and they are presented with an opportunity to buy food their kids prefer to eat, the parents will not pass it up. With regards to toys, this is rather different and some parents do not yield to pester power. Nicholls and Cullen (2004:78) suggest that the parent-perceived childs influence for food is greater than the parent-perceived childs influence for toys revealing that the level of toys consumption is lower than the level of food consumption. As a result, when it comes to toys, the parents can afford to say no and refuse their childrens request. Exception is made during festive periods such as birthdays and Christmas (Smithers, 2010). Although Mehrotra and Torges (1977) argued that when parents refuse their childrens request, what follows is an explanation of why the product was not purchased. This was not seen in the ethnography study. After instructing her eldest son to return the LEGO, the mother continued her shopping. Our observation would suggest that when people shop individually they tend to spend more on clothing. For Millan and Renolds (2011:6) suggested that consumers who exhibit stronger independent tendencies may be heavier buyers of value-expressive goods than those who are more interdependent which is because, self-expression, self-reward, and hedonic gratification tend to be important motivational factors. Individual that came alone seemed less discerning, and spent more time evaluating various brands across multiple price categories and more often bought clothes that were expensive. This appeared to be the case because consumer was shopping for personal use. In cases where consumers are accompanied by one or more friends or family members, the presence of friends or family did seem to influence the purchase decision significantly. The buyers in these categories were more discerning, the purchase decision was made faster and the concern was largely in adhering to a particular price band rather than any particular quality of the product. For example, a gentle man wanted to buy an expensive jacket but his wife objected to the price of the item and so they settled for an item of lower value. It seemed to us that when people shopped in groups they spent more time discussing and less time shopping. This indicates that shopping in this context can be interpreted as a means of pleasure and it might be linked to the id from Freudian personality theory which is focused on the pleasure principle. This gives rise to the argument that clothing can be used to form independent self concept or a preference for self-expression and a means of hedonic cons umption. Additionally, in groups consumers appeared more impulsive than planned, as most buyers appeared undecided about what brand or type of cloths to buy. Sometimes family accompanied buyers tried many products across multiple ranges, often posh, categories and settled on a cheaper product, like common labels. This leads one to infer that a lot of the purchases were impulsive. Another example of the pleasure principle in shopping is concerned with children and parents enjoying their children play. There are toy cars in the supermarket close to the doors and children would get into these toys. Sometimes the children just played on their own while the parents talk either to other family members. In other case, the parents would put money into the toys and have fun with the children. In this regard, the parents seemed happy and laughed quite a lot. This would indicate that the parents were having as much fun as the children. Another example of the pleasure principle effect from the observation is connected with the notion of self-concept and self-expression. Millan and Reynolds (2011:4) propose that the stronger ones independent self-concept, the more pronounced will be the consumers preference for self-expression and inner enjoyment through clothing. Going back to the above example about shopping for clothes it is evident that this serves as a means of self-expression. Clothing usually serves a potent avenue for stimulating positive emotions during purchase and subsequent usage. It can be argued that independent consumers are introverts and lack emotional and relevant support networks such as the extended family and may be lonely. Consequently, expenditure on goods and services which are likely to arouse pleasant stimulus and emotional fulfilment will be alluring to consumers with a strong independent self-concept (Millan and Reynolds 2011). On the other hand, Bagozzi et al (2000) argues that the behavi our of consumers with a strong independent self-concept is basically guided by personal needs, attitudes, and perceived rights rather than social norms and filial obligations. While interdependent tendencies possessed by family accompanied shoppers is compatible with the theory of the interdependent self-concept, according to which modesty and judicious spending is an inherent trait of the interdependent self, underlying self-effacing presentations and behaviours in diverse social settings (Heine et al., 2000). Again this can be related to Maslows hierarchy of needs and in particular the self-esteem or self realisation aspect. This behaviour is influenced by a strong pressure to conform to family and peoples expectation, as well as a fear of being excluded from the group which is consistent with views expressed by Lee and Karen (2000) which reports a strong correlation between ones interdependent self concept and group relationship motives for purchasing goods. Which reiterates beliefs that spending so much money on status signifying clothes will be detrimental to groups goals and objectives which may include feeding and other general welfare necessary in a family setting. Strong evidence found by Millan and Renolds (2011) suggests that consumers possessing a high independent disposition were more inclined to shopping activities via regular visits to clothing shops, keeping up with latest trends and information obtainable in at shops thereby spending more money on clothing than interdependent consumers, the reason for this being that consumers with a strong independent self concept tend to satisfy a wide v ariety of symbolic and hedonic needs through this means of consumption. In conclusion, we found that at times of recession supermarket need to place emphasis on satisfying consumer needs otherwise they could change suppliers. Therefore it is important to better understand consumers lifestyles, and choice criteria. This would include the selection of suitable media and designing suitable consumer messages. One area of further research could be to what extent consumers remain loyal to specific brands in time of economic recession. We believe that shopping could be more of a pleasure for children if playing facilities were provided. This might encourage parents to spend longer shopping and by implication buy more. One weakness of the observation in our view was the fact that we depended solely on the observation it would have been more useful to double-check our analysis with the consumers being observed.

Emerson Essay -- Philosophy, Unapologetic Individualism

In understanding this quotation, it is absolutely essential to be cognizant of the context in which â€Å"Self-Reliance† was written. The philosophical and social movement that Emerson and his contemporaries founded, Transcendentalism, espoused the idea that although America had formally gained political independence, Europeans possessed virtually hegemonic control over the culture of America. Emerson and his contemporaries sought not only to pioneer a uniquely American style of literature, but also to forge a distinct culture and ethos independent from those of Europe. Emerson’s opinion that â€Å"imitation is suicide† (533) extends beyond the realm of the individual in that it is relevant to the Transcendentalists’ mission of establishing an autonomous American identity. He believes that by continuing to emulate European values and culture, Americans are essentially destroying their own chance of possessing a national identity. Emerson viewed self-relian ce, which can be understood as finding inspiration, judgment and validation of thoughts and ideas within oneself, as one of the central tenets of the fledgling American national identity. It may seem counterintuitive to think that Emerson, a proponent of radical and unapologetic individualism, desired to create a shared American identity and national unity; however, it is necessary to discern that nonconformity is not tantamount to the repudiation of society. By exalting nonconformity, he does not promote the hedonistic active pursuit of personal desires in spite of social norms, like an anarchist, but rather urges the reader to wholly fulfill their human potential. Consequently, the embracing of the self is not a consequence of free agency, but rather the fulfillment of their innate des... ...ay at home, to put itself in communication with the internal ocean, but it goes abroad to beg a cup of water of the urns of men† (543). This passage serves to inform the reader that the rewards gleaned from imitation pale in comparison to those that originate from oneself, in the same way that a cup of water seems infinitesimal relative to an ocean. This point is furthered by his numerous allusions to famed historical and literary figures who exemplify the fulfillment that can transpire only through illustrating Emerson’s command to â€Å"Insist on yourself; never imitate† (547). It is essential to ascertain that these references serve as examples of self-reliant individuals garnering great success rather than exalted heroes that one should strive to emulate, as Benjamin Franklin explicitly prescribes in his Autobiography: â€Å"Imitate Jesus and Socrates† (Franklin 285).

Comparative negligence of a child Essay

So†¦what do you think about this defense? Do you think it’s viable? Are there other things to consider?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unfortunately, it is a viable defense.   At least there are legal precedents and provisions for contributory negligence.   But i always that defense was mostly used in business to business contract disputes.   I thought it worked this way: if company A hires company B to do, say, a financial audit.   If company A doesn’t give B all of its records, and then sues them for giving the wrong audit position, then company contributed to the wrongdoing by NOT giving company B the records it needed. Also, considering that this is a 7 year old, the question becomes what 7 year old is beyond negligence.   As adults we have a higher responsibility than children.   I would say that only adults can truly be guilty of contributory negligence.   The main thing to consider is that the driver was drunk.   What could any 7 year old (or 17 or 70 year old) do to ward off a drunk driver.   If he lost control due to his drunkeness there was nothing that child could have done except stay in the house.   And that is unreasonable.   No jury should award in their favor or against the defendant. Pre-Judgment versus Post-Judgment Interest (Response Question) Make sense?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The interest makes sense.   What doesn’t make sense is that there is no precedent or clarification on how the interest is actually calculated.   That is where a good lawyer comes in.   He/she would have to specify how they want it done in the initial lawsuit.   I think that interest on awarded damages gives the recipient an opportunity to be compensated for the time it takes to complete the suit and transfer the money. After 4 years the interest really isn’t pocket money, it is just adjusting the award for inflation.   The other thing interest does is allow you to get more money than would normally be allowed in a particular type of lawsuit.   I think that courts should make uniform rules for the interest rate that can be awarded on specific cases, and set rules on how it will be calculated to prevent further bickering between the parties, and further appeals over the interest that has to be paid.

The Significance of Carnevale essays

The Significance of Carnevale essays The Significance of Carnevale in The Rover Aphra Behns play The Rover takes place in Venice, Italy during the Carnevale. Carnevale was one of the more important celebrations in Venice. It was a time of goodwill, dedicated to happiness and laughter much like the Mardi Gras we are familiar with today. The origins of Carnevale trace to over 3000 years ago to the pagan Roman fertility festival of Saturnalia (McCarthy 121). During Saturnalia, even the slaves took part in the festivities. Carnevale, a Latin word loosely translated as farewell to meat, was the last opportunity for wild abandon and pleasures of the flesh before the religious period of Lent. Likewise in The Rover, Hellena and Florinda exploit the Carnevale season to liberate themselves before religious periods in their lives begin the Convent and a forced marriage, respectively. The symbol of Carnevale is the mask. The masks gave participants the opportunity to ridicule the archaic societal standards, without fear of punishment. Venetians of different social classes used Carnevale as an excuse to mingle and, in some cases, to trade sexual favors without fear of recognition or retribution. Members of the Aristocracy, in particular, went about their everyday lives masked for the duration of the festival (McCarthy 124). In fact, the tradition of masks for the Carnevale came from the Italian theater form commedia dellarte (Hughes 110). This type of theater relies on the mask to help showcase exaggerated stereotypes, over-the-top physical comedy, along with improvisation. As the Carnevale celebration centers on maskers, the streets, the squares, the canals - basically the entire city becomes a stage. Similarly, the plot in The Rover revolves around the issues of disguise and confused identities. The character of Hellena wears several costumes: a lady, a gypsy, and a boy. In costume, Hellena flirts with Willmore, and the disguise prevents a...

igneous rocks essays

igneous rocks essays En este capitulo, consideramos la familia de las rocas à ­gneas intrusivas - granito, gabro y otras de la misma familia - las cuales se cristalizan, desde su fundicin a grandes profundidades en la corteza terrestre y que luego son traà ­das a la superficie por la erosin de las formaciones superiores. La gnesis desde una fundicin a altà ­simas temperaturas (aprox. 900C), y kilmetros de ascenso imprimen caracterà ­sticas especiales en estas rocas. Tambin consideraremos las particularidades quà ­micas y mecnicas de la inusual roca: serpentina, la cual se origina en el manto terrestre, en algunos casos ascendiendo en estado slido con grandes deformaciones internas. Contrariamente a la serpentina que generalmente presenta problemas desde el punto de vista ingenieril, las rocas granà ­ticas son generalmente consideradas como el mejor aliado de los ingenieros, con buenas cualidades, sin meteorizacin y sin fracturamiento el granito es el prototipo de un lecho de roca. Sin embargo, gen eralmente las rocas granà ­ticas presentan meteorizacin o fracturamiento, o ambas. Esto puede generar muchos problemas. Las rocas granà ­ticas las encontramos haciendo parte de los nà ºcleos de gran cantidad de monta, que se extiende desde las Montan de los Grandes Lagos en U.S.A. Existen escudos similares de rocas granà ­ticas que se encuentran bajo la superficie de Brasil, El oeste de Australia, Africa, Escandinavia y Siberia. Un gran porcentaje de roca de estos escudos se asemeja al granito, pero pueden haberse formado por metamorfismo y no por solidificacin de masa en fusin. Las rocas de tipo granà ­tico tambin pueden encontrarse en masas se...

Midea and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Midea and society - Essay Example The User Generated Content consists of a wide range of media content (Jenkins, 2008). It uses a variety of applications and insights in news, gossip and research. Likewise, social media and blogging also fall into this criterion. User Generated Content initiates a combination of free software and legal licensing to reduce barriers that hinder communication. In the United Kingdom, the leading media network (British Broadcasting Corporation - BBC) first set up it User Generated Content back in 2005. It was inactive for a few weeks since its inception, but later became alive after the London bombings and Buncefield fire, in the same year. BBC realised its significance when their viewers shared photos of the Buncefield incident. They capitalised on the User Generated Content, which created a platform for the society to integrate their views on issues and even share firsthand information on witnessed scenarios (Jenkins, 2008). This revolutionised the media industry and gave an opportunity for individuals in the society also to become journalists. Through this new advancement, their stories and experiences would be heard across the globe (Jenkins, 2008). Soon, Sky News also followed this norm. Since its inception, the media house has seen an improvement in its number of viewers worldwide (Jenkins, 2008). They implore their viewers to continue sharing their photos and videos regularly. The sharing of photographs and videos is not all that is constituted in the User Generated Content. Media houses also provide a chance to its customers to take part in conveying their messages to the world. OhmyNews.com is a South Korean online newspaper that uses its readers to write some articles in English. This is a way of reaching out to compete with other like-minded websites such as The Guardian (Williams, 2004). The User Generated Content has been faced with a few challenges. The art of User Generated Content has derailed the journalism profession, as well as what it entails (Bu rton, 2007). This is particularly on the value of information of some User Generated Content. More so, concerns have been raised on the standards of the contents in terms of grammar punctuation and accuracy. Another key factor of consideration is the impact that these contents have on the mainstream of the media house (Burton, 2007). This is a concern that has been debated over the years as editors in media houses like The Sun, UK, have complained of some of having a tremendous work load to edit some of the mistakes from their consumers. In this field, many individuals purchase newspapers and read their blogs because they know that the content has been written by professionals (Bale, 2006). Furthermore, there have been instances of pornographic contents from the consumers. For instance, the Los Angeles Times accidentally published pornographic content in its website after they allowed its users to publish contents in their website (Burton, 2007). Other incidents of racism have also been reported by FT.com. Another issue is the availability of blogs. The editor of Telegraph.co.uk does not think that blogs suit journalists in any professional manner. Blogs invite writers to post their stories and some of these stories are mediocre and dull. They provide a platform of having insulting comments below the original blogs. Blogs emphasise more on the personality of the writer and less on the message being conveyed (Burton, 2007). In the UK, there is

Record Keeping in the Learning Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Record Keeping in the Learning Sector - Essay Example He points out that "without records, we have no way of knowing what we are doing."(18). Record-keeping has always been an important part of the teacher's work; it would be easy, in concern about recording each child's progress in the National Curriculum, to forget the need for long-term records and for records which give their own input to work and the corresponding output from the children. There are many reasons for keeping records besides those of recording progress in the National Curriculum. An important reason for record-keeping is continuity. If teachers should happen to have a long illness or leave their present school in mid-year, all that they have learned about their children will be lost, and appropriate records are needed so that someone else can take up where they left off. Records may help the teachers to match work to individual children and help them to overcome learning problems. Something a child does once may not appear to be significant, but if it happens several times, it may give them important clues to the nature of a difficulty. They may not notice this if they do not keep appropriate records. It would be difficult to keep this kind of record for every child all the time, but they can do it for a small number who have problems. Important items from a child's background noted over a period may help the teacher to understand his or her difficulties and put them in a better position to help. For example, a child who has changed schools number of times may be insecure and need in filling gaps in learning. A child who has a handicapped sibling may find it difficult to cope with the extra attention that the sibling needs from his or her parents. Background information of this kind is sensitive and the teacher or head may need to ask the parent concerned if he or she minds having it recorded so that teachers are aware of any difficulties. School records or records to be passed on need to contain only what might be described as considered records. Teacher's own day to day notes may contain comments about individual children and the success or otherwise of particular pieces of work, recorded for their benefit alone. These notes will form the basis of their final records. Teacher will also need records of each individual child. It is helpful to keep these records in a loose leaf file with a page for each child. They can then add material and put this into a longer term record when each page is full. Their file should include a check list for each child of the Attainment Statements from the National Curriculum arranged so that they can tick off items as they are achieved. Historically one of the standard methods of keeping records was for the class teacher to maintain a weekly record book and to contribute to a cumulative record and termly or yearly report for the parents. This was quite a feasible approach for a teacher who used a class-based teaching approach. What this technique also created, however, was belief that because the teacher had planned and taught the material the children had, by implication, learnt it. With the onset of the comprehensive principle and the development of mixed ability classes, a wider range of ability in the children being taught exposed serious limitations in the approach. It is an essential aspect of record-keeping that staff and

Business Communications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Communications - Assignment Example Requirements include: Bachelors Degree in Accounting/Finance; Sound knowledge of accounting policies and procedures and of basic financial techniques for planning, forecasting, and related analyses; Strong analytical skills required; CPA a plus. To apply for this exciting position, please contact me at timothy.ponzio@parkerlynch.com Job Experience: 1-3 Years http://jobview.monster.com/Financial-Analyst-Team-Environment-Job-Parsippany-NJ-US-112781073.aspx The job is appealing because it is totally related to my interest. I want to build my career in the research. The job posting and the requirements are interesting and can help me build my career in the financial market. Additionally it is the job posting of Parker & Lynch, which is located in New Jersey. The NJ is considered as one of the most appealing place of the world to build career in finance. Moreover, Parker & Lynch is a firm totally focused in financial services. Therefore, it is more convincing and appealing to work with hi ghly professional financial analysts that can help me learn a lot regarding the Financial Market. Cover Letter: Dear Sir/Madam, I’m a candidate for Level-III June-13 Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) program from CFA Institute, Virginia, USA. I've fairly detailed understanding of professional and ethical standards regarding investment management. I’ve done MBA (Finance) from highly recognized University. During my studies my core modules were Financial Statement Analysis, Corporate Finance, and Fixed Income, Portfolio Management, Quantitative Techniques, Equity, Money Market and Capital Market. I grasped a holistic view of the functions and practice of the financial planning. I have got deep attention to detail and that always helps me in all my analytical tasks. I am fully focused on my career. I am looking for a job that gives me a space to accomplish meaningful and worthy achievements for the company in such a way that I can also grow along with the organizational o utcomes. I have a crystal clear vision about my possible placement and that is achieving quick results individually and as a part of a team. I have got good ability to interpret situations and I am strongly focused on activities that generate value to the company and its customers. This is a brief overview of my studies, my professional experience & personality. I hope if given a chance, I will definitely be an asset for your Institution. Looking forward to hearing you soon. Kind Regards; XYZ. xyz@yahoo.com Curriculum Vitae ABC Address: Tel: Email: Objective education work experience Uiversity Projects other skills INTErests rEFERENCES To obtain a distinct position in the global financial industry where I can play my role in analysing financial instruments and get to the top while enhancing my analytical skills. CFA Level III Candidate MBA Finance MTO at an Investment Boutique Intern at Walls Fargo Work Cited "Financial Analyst/ Team Environment Jobs in Parsippany, New Jersey - Park er & Lynch

Developing Shop Online in China Essay Example for Free

Developing Shop Online in China Essay I. The development of new technology A. The Internet communication skills B. Computer program systems 1. The feedback-based reputation system 2. The E-payment system II. The characteristics of shopping online A. Low-price strategy B. Diversity of products III. Some changes in people’s lifestyle A. Logistics development makes life more convenient B. People prefer to stay at home because of the Internet Developing Shopping Online in China Have you had a good experience of shopping online? It might have been common in the US; however, the only approach for Chinese to buy clothes or food was to go to the mall or supermarket ten years ago. Shopping online has become more and more popular in China and has been adopted as a common way to shop. A report, conducted by iResearch, an online market research company, said that the first year’s trade volume of Chinese online market soared 95.8% (as cited in Ding, 2009,  ¶2). People in China now prefer to click to the website, select products and make sure to purchase. There are two common types of e-commerce websites in China: B2C and C2C. B2C presents business-to-consumer, and C2C stands for consumer-to-consumer. A few e-commerce websites, such as Dangdang (www.dangdang.com.cn, the largest and most popular B2C website in China), and Taobao (www.taobao.com, the largest C2C website in China, owned by Alibaba.com), â€Å"have won great success and established good reputation among online consumers†(Lu, Zhou Bin, 2007,  ¶1). The reasons that shopping online has been developed and improved in such a high speed in China are the development of technology, the characteristics of shopping, and the improvement of people’s lifestyle. The first reason why shopping online has become a significant role in China is the development of the technology, such as network communication skills, e-payment system and the feedback-based reputation system. The Internet has had widespread effects on Chinese since it was first introduced into China in 1995. The Internet, a recent innovation, has become a significant intermediary for not only communication but also commerce. Compared with traditional shopping approaches, the features of the Internet will be considered by buyers, and people will think whether the characteristics of the Internet are preferred when shopping online (Joseph Dong, 2006,  ¶6). The three steps when consumers are shopping in the Internet are to click their mouse, search for what they want to buy, and make sure to purchase, while they even don’t have to talk to sellers. The convenience of the Internet leads shopping online to be the first choice. Moreover, most consumers are concerned with computer program systems related to payment safety or product reputation when shopping online. Such computer program systems have been set up to ensure consumers’ profits. A lot of online shopping websites, such as eBay.com and Taobao.com use feedback-based reputation system, in which the sellers’ and buyers’ reputation and credit will be recorded and marked based on transaction in the past. It means a lot in online C2C market, and the seller will be trusted if s/he has a good reputation, which brings about good sales (Bo, Zhangxi, Bingjia, 2010,  ¶20). Nelson (1970) sorted products into experience and search goods. People want to try the quality of experience products right before they buy the products, while people have to see search products through some information provided online. In other words, the products bought online are search goods. People have to decide whether to buy only after reading a few lines of words (as cited in Bo, Zhangxi, Bingjia, 2010,  ¶22). Without feedback-based reputation system, potential consumers would not have accepted the new approach of shopping. Also, the former comments and scores from buyers and the scores which buyers get from sellers, depending on whether the buyers pay in time or not make feedback-based reputation system become a special credit system for not only vendors but also consumers. Another important system researched and developed for shopping online is payment system which protects consumers’ money from being taken away by sellers without receiving products or not being satisfied with the products. â€Å"Alipayment†, which belongs to Taobao.com, is the typical payment system known among online buyers. Even though there are still some shortcomings needed to be improved in these systems, technology makes it possible and promotes the development of shopping online in China. Secondly, the characteristics of shopping online are considered to be another important reason that promotes the development of shopping online in China. Low-price strategy, diversity of products and convenience of shopping style are three of the most obvious features of shopping online, which attracts more and more people in China involved in shopping online, and not only young people but also old people are interested in online shopping. Price and type are two of the most significant features of product, which influence buyers’ choice when they are shopping online (Bo, Zhangxi, Bingjia, 2010,  ¶21). Because sellers can reduce operation and storage cost, products online are usually less expens ive than products bought in a traditional way. Lower price has been one of the most important factors, which makes shopping online the best choice in China. There are 10,000 shops which were opened everyday in 2008, while more than 140 million Chinese became loyal customers of shops online (Lan, 2009,  ¶4). Nevertheless, product price is sometimes connected with cheating and fraud, and buyers can’t recognize whether or not the sellers online are cheating on product price. That will be an important issue in online shopping (Bo, Zhangxi, Bingjia, 2010,  ¶21). Had sellers online had the same price as traditional sellers or higher price, the online market would not have bloomed. Another characteristics of shopping online, diversity of products, promotes the development of shopping online. Imagine that there are two choices for consumers when shopping: buying goods in different shops or buying all stuff in one big shop. Obviously, people prefer to shop in one place and purchase all the stuff they list. Like shopping in a b ig shopping mall, people buy all they need online on one website without driving out or walking a long distance, crowding in the crowd and sweating in different shops. All consumers need is to search what they want, and compare the prices and comments. Liu claims, â€Å"Best selling online items include clothing, cosmetics, home furnishing, outdoor sports equipment, personal computer, jewelry, laptops and small home appliance†(Liu, 2009,  ¶27). The characteristics of shopping online, low-price strategy, diversity of products and convenience of shopping style, attract more and more people and lead to the promotion of shopping online. Thirdly, the development of people’s lifestyle contributes to the emergence and development of shopping online in China. With the rapid growth of Chinese economy, not only has per capita income improved significantly, but also people are getting accustomed to the faster pace of life. That involved in the development of shopping online as an important factor. Due to the faster pace of life, a kind of new industry—express delivery industry—has arisen. The convenience of shopping online is considered to be a significant reason for consumers. Because of the development of express delivery industry, which belongs to modern logistics, the buyers don’t have to go out to take stuff back home, and just sit in front of the monitor to wait for delivering. Express delivery industry is developing in a rapid pace because of the boom of online shopping. In China, people now are interested in sitting in front of a computer, clicking the mouse, and shopping online (Liu, 2012,  ¶1). The development of express delivery industry has been outstanding in recent years, which has been proven by a year-on-year increase of 20% from 2009. There are 542,000 people working for express delivery industry, and express delivery companies have been set up everywhere around China. Because of the appearance of online shopping, the express delivery industry developed better and faster (Liu, 2011,  ¶3, 4, 5, 6). At the same time, express delivery industry promotes the development of shopping online. The promotion of express delivery industry makes more and more people trust in shopping online.What consumers need to do after making sure to purchase is to wait for stuff being delivered in a few days. Such convenience really helps people who suffer from the faster pace of life: they don’t have to go out to shop, and just stay at home to get everything they want. Another change in people’s lifestyle is that people prefer to stay at home rather than go out for fun. Because of the Internet, online entertainment has become the most popular way to spend time. Not only chatting online or playing online games but also shopping online has been a significant role in people’s daily life. Evidences are that not only can people buy concrete goods online, but also a lot of abstract goods, such as game cards and mobile phone recharge cards, can be found in online shops. The changes of people’s lifestyle and the emergence and development of express delivery industry make contribution to the development of shopping online in China, which makes life more convenient. In conclusion, the development of technology, the characteristics of shopping and the improvement of people’s lifestyle are three main reasons why shopping online has become an important role in China. Due to the developing of shopping online, a new approach of shopping has appeared which makes shopping more convenient for consumers; moreover, it promotes the development of tertiary industry and economic development in China. Shopping online offers many jobs in China; for example, Taobao.com, the biggest shopping online website, provided 570,000 jobs in 2008. Moreover, shopping online offers much more chances for young persons between 23 and 32 years old to run their online shops with government’s support (Lan, 2009,  ¶16, 17, 18). Because of the development of Chinese shopping online, many overseas shopping websites have noticed the future of this market flourish. Alipay, third party payment tool, has enrolled 300 overseas online shops to get access to Chinese online shopping market (Lan, 2009,  ¶9). In other words, the local online shoppers will face more opportunities in the future. References Bo, X., Zhangxi, L., Bingjia, S. (2010). Factors affecting consumer behaviors in online buy-it-now auctions. Internet Research, 20(5), 509-526. doi:10.1108/10662241011084086 Ding, W. (2009). Cheaper prices or better services?. Beijing Review, 52(37), 28-29. Lan, X. (2009). Online shopping spree (cover story). Beijing Review, 52(37), 26-27. Liu, X. (2009). You want it, the web has it. Beijing Review, 52(37), 30-31. Liu, X. (2011). Express reform for speedy deliveries. Beijing Review, 54(30), 36-37. Liu, X. (2012). Delivering satisfaction. Beijing Review, 55(2), 34-35. Lu, Y., Zhou, T., Bin, W. (2007). A comparison of prices in electronic markets and traditional markets of China. Chinese Economy, 40(5), 67-83. doi:10.2753/CES1097-1475400504 Joseph, R., Dong, S. (2006). E-commerce adoption among Chinese consumers: an exploratory study. Journal Of International Consumer Marketing, 18(3), 33-55. doi:10.1300/J046v18n03-03

The Inner-City Problems and Solving Them Essay -- Papers

The Inner-City Problems and Solving Them There are many problems that can be clearly seen in the inner city. Problems such as crime, poor housing (perhaps slums), and unemployment are all apparent. However unemployment levels are gradually dropping. Lack of money gives rise to the problems so are often seen in the lower class areas of cities. On the whole the perception of the inner-city areas has the image of poverty and overcrowding which faces many cities across Britain today in whatever proportion. The first as such it the Economic which inner-city areas have long suffered due to lack of investment especially after the 1940's when a lot of money was put into New Towns. Many of the houses built were made from poor fabric and cheap materials which within time will make them liable to be damaged. This is the main problem arising from the issue of poor housing. Few Industries have built or for that matter expanded in an Inner-city location partly due to the environment, which surrounds it. Social Inequalities also play a part in British City the following characteristics are often present in many of them: Lack of basic amenities, many houses of which lack any sort of bathroom Overcrowding- large families may live in small houses, or families may live in poorly built high rise flats. On the whole we can say that there are high infant mortality and death rates Families have a low income Single parent families. There are also the environmental problem which affect these areas- The Inner-city areas may suffer from noise and air pollution caused by heavy traffic and the few remaining fac... ...o mortgage properties in the inner areas, and local plan authorities have become more flexible in their plan making. The public and private sectors are much more willing to improve enterprise zone and industrial improvement. New voluntary and community bases organisations have developed particularly concerned with environmental improvements and employment creation. The physical environment has been improved, with vacant land and buildings being put to new, and also the removal of some of the worst dereliction. However the economic point of view in the inner city has deteriorated, with more unemployment and the closure of many firms. However unemployment will probably remain high, especially among the poorly educated and disadvantaged, which will, especially in children, lead to further problems. The Inner-City Problems and Solving Them Essay -- Papers The Inner-City Problems and Solving Them There are many problems that can be clearly seen in the inner city. Problems such as crime, poor housing (perhaps slums), and unemployment are all apparent. However unemployment levels are gradually dropping. Lack of money gives rise to the problems so are often seen in the lower class areas of cities. On the whole the perception of the inner-city areas has the image of poverty and overcrowding which faces many cities across Britain today in whatever proportion. The first as such it the Economic which inner-city areas have long suffered due to lack of investment especially after the 1940's when a lot of money was put into New Towns. Many of the houses built were made from poor fabric and cheap materials which within time will make them liable to be damaged. This is the main problem arising from the issue of poor housing. Few Industries have built or for that matter expanded in an Inner-city location partly due to the environment, which surrounds it. Social Inequalities also play a part in British City the following characteristics are often present in many of them: Lack of basic amenities, many houses of which lack any sort of bathroom Overcrowding- large families may live in small houses, or families may live in poorly built high rise flats. On the whole we can say that there are high infant mortality and death rates Families have a low income Single parent families. There are also the environmental problem which affect these areas- The Inner-city areas may suffer from noise and air pollution caused by heavy traffic and the few remaining fac... ...o mortgage properties in the inner areas, and local plan authorities have become more flexible in their plan making. The public and private sectors are much more willing to improve enterprise zone and industrial improvement. New voluntary and community bases organisations have developed particularly concerned with environmental improvements and employment creation. The physical environment has been improved, with vacant land and buildings being put to new, and also the removal of some of the worst dereliction. However the economic point of view in the inner city has deteriorated, with more unemployment and the closure of many firms. However unemployment will probably remain high, especially among the poorly educated and disadvantaged, which will, especially in children, lead to further problems.

Every dark cloud has a silver lining.

Dialogue between the Bank Manager and a client about opening an account. Client: Sir, Excuse me. May I come in? B. Manager: Yes you may come in. Client: I am Miss. Mary and I come from Oakmont. Manager: What can do for you? Sir, I would like to open an account in your Bank. Manager: May I know your profession? Sir, I working as secondary Grade Teacher in Oakmont High School at Superman Manager: Why do you want to open an account in the state Bank of India? Client: Sir, I have Just Joined my duty in the school last week.It's a mandatory or the teachers to have an account opened in the state Bank of India, because the salary is paid through the banks. Manager: Well, then please fill up the application form to open an account in your name. Client: Yes, Sir. Can I get the application form? Manager: Yes, you can collect from the next desk. Prior to It please produce the following document: 1. Your ID proof 2. Residential proof 3. Pan Card 4. Ration card 5. Age proof etc†¦ Client: Sir , excuse me right now I do not have all the documents. Can I come tomorrow, sir?Manager: Yes, It Is better that if come with all the comments tomorrow it would be very easy to fill up the form. Client: Sir, should I take the application form and go? Manager: Yes, it would be better so that tomorrow the work will go faster. (The client goes near the gate, as he reaches the gate the manager calls her back) Manager: Hello, Miss. Mary. Client: Yes, Sir. Manager: Something which Is very Important that I have forgotten. Client: What Is it SST Manager: It Is regarding the witness. Client: What It means by witness?Manager: Witness means that the person one who has the bank account In our Ann. Has to Introduce you to the bank. Client: Is It compulsory, Sir. Manager: Yes, It Is mandatory. Otherwise you will not be able open an account. Client: Thank you very much, Sir. I am very much pleased with you for Glenn me all the Information needed to open an account In your bank. Manager: k. Thank yo u. Client: Thank you so much, Sir. I shall come with a witness and with all the documents tomorrow. Every dark cloud has a silver lining. By monogamy 23 Manager: Yes, you can collect from the next desk. Prior to it please produce the Can I come tomorrow, sir?Manager: Yes, it is better that if come with all the Manager: Something which is very important that I have forgotten. Client: What is it Sir? Manager: It is regarding the witness. Client: What it means by witness? Manager: Witness means that the person one who has the bank account in our bank has to introduce you to the bank. Client: Is it compulsory, Sir. Manager: Yes, It is mandatory. Otherwise you will not be able open an account. Client: Thank you very much, Sir. I am very much pleased with you for giving me all the information needed to open an account in your bank. Manager: k. Thank you.

Why is it important to develop relationships in infant and toddler care?

During their first years of life it is crucial that infants develop confidence, self-esteem and a feeling of security and trust in the people who care for them. These factors give them a secure base for all of their subsequent social and emotional development. Babies who develop this â€Å"emotional security† are then more likely to become toddlers who have the confidence to â€Å"walk alone. † Alicia Lieberman discusses this concept of â€Å"walking alone† in her book, The Emotional Life of the Toddler.In order to become independent learners, confident to explore the world around them and try new things, toddlers must first of all develop a sense of trust. This sense of trust builds when the infant has developed secure attachments with caregivers, and feels reassured, valued, respected and truly cared for. Obviously a child whose emotional needs are not being met through the development of secure and positive relationships with caregivers, will focus more on get ting those needs met than on exploring and learning.Research on what helps children be successful at school, carried out by Heart Start through the â€Å"Zero to Three† organization, emphasises the need for children to be curious in order to learn. The research identified seven characteristics of successful learners, and among them, curiosity. Infants and toddlers have a natural, healthy curiosity, a trait that should be encouraged in a safe way by their caregivers, as it is vital for their confidence, self-esteem and learning. Those children who do not develop secure attachments to their caregivers will be less likely to show this lively curiosity in their world.Helen Raikes has described in her 1996 article, A Secure Base for Babies: Applying Attachment Theory Concepts to the Infant Care Setting, how babies that had developed secure attachments were more likely to explore their surroundings, join in with play and interact with the adults in the setting. These infants know t hat they can look back and â€Å"return to base† if need be. It was the British psychiatrist, John Bowlby who identified four stages of attachment of the child to the mother or the primary caregiver.He noted that during the third stage, (between the approximate ages of 7 and 24 months), infants often develop a strong attachment to the primary caregiver and may develop â€Å"separation anxiety† if that caregiver is replaced by someone else. Continuity of the caregiver, the development of a consistent, caring relationship with one person, is therefore very important for infants at this stage, as they may experience much trauma if a change of caregiver takes place at this time. However, the first characteristic of successful children, identified by the Heart Start research, was that of confidence.Children’s feelings of competence and confidence develop as a result of secure, positive relationships with their caregivers. Also, the confidence that comes from having a clear sense of their own identity means that children are more likely to develop empathy and respect for others and feel relaxed and secure in the company of other adults. Confident children who can interact successfully with their peer group will more easily develop the social skills needed for their future success. Of course, co-operative interaction with others, either children or adults, will help further their learning too.But perhaps the most pressing need for the development of relationships in infant and toddler care arises through consideration of those children who come from an unstable home environment, where their emotional needs have not been met by their parents. The social and emotional growth of these children will be furthered hindered and delayed if they are then not given any opportunity to develop a continuous, positive relationship with a primary caregiver, assigned from the time of the child’s enrolment up until he or she reaches the age of three or eve n five.How can primary and continuous care be implemented in order to develop a relationship with a child? It is the responsibility of the primary caregiver to respond appropriately to the infant or toddler to ensure that their emotional needs are met. An â€Å"appropriate† response is one that makes the child feel respected, valued and cared for. Just as all relationships take time to develop, so must primary caregivers take time to really get to know the children, become aware of their personality and temperament, their likes and dislikes and body language cues.This is the first and foremost response that will help to build a relationship and ensure children’s emotional needs are met. In order to get to know children, it is important to become sensitive to the cues and messages they send out – both verbal and non-verbal. In turn, caregivers should be vigilant about their own body language cues as well as the words they use because when children become aware of negative feedback, (both verbal and non-verbal), from their caregivers it can greatly affect their self-esteem.The caregiver should aim to give positive responses to the child, using open and friendly body language, eye contact, smiles, nodding etc. Of course, this does not mean that the caregiver must always say â€Å"yes† to a child’s demands, if those demands are unreasonable or unsafe, and assertive behavior management strategies should be applied whenever they are necessary. Along with ensuring the quality of responses and care given by the primary caregiver, continuity of care can be implemented in three ways: †¢ Children can be placed in mixed age groups. This means that the children under 2.9 years of age can be cared for in the same room, as long as the requirement ratio is adhered to for the youngest child in the group. †¢ Children can be placed in groups of the same age. This ensures that when the children are ready, they and their caregivers will move to the next environment. †¢ Children can be placed in groups of the same age, and will stay in the same room. This means that the children remain in a setting that is familiar to them, while the learning materials and resources of the room change in accordance with their developmental progress.However, the concept of primary and continuous care must take into account the fact that a major amount of the childcare day is spent doing routine care giving activities, such as toileting, hand washing, eating, etc. Since these routine activities take up so much time, the development of a relationship with the child must be prioritised during these times. In their book, The Creative Curriculum for Infants and Toddlers, Dombro, Colker and Trister-Dodge emphasise that this job of building a relationship with a child should be the focus of the caregiver’s work.Although learning activities should be included as part of a quality curriculum for a child, in practice they only for m a small part of the child’s day – the majority of that day being spent doing routine activities. Therefore the â€Å"curriculum† for a child does not only consist of learning activities. If relationship building is to be given the emphasis it deserves then the daily routines need to be considered as â€Å"curriculum† too, since the majority of daily adult-child interaction takes place during these daily routines.Routine activities can be made enjoyable and fun with lots of opportunities for learning built in; the caregiver can interact with the child in a friendly and positive way during these times, showing the child that s/he is valued and respected. If caregivers are aware of the importance of building positive relationships with the children in their care then they will have no doubts whatsoever that they must work in accordance with the maxim, â€Å"relationship is curriculum†. References Dombro, A.L. , Colker, L. J. & Trister-Dodge, D. (199 9). The Creative Curriculum for Infants and Toddlers. Washington DC: Teaching Strategies. Lieberman, A. (1993). The Emotional Life of the Toddler. New York: Free Press. Raikes, H. (1996) â€Å"A Secure Base for Babies: Applying Attachment Theory Concepts to the Infant Care Setting,† in Young Children, 51 (5), 59-67. Zero to Three (1992). Heart start: The emotional foundations of school readiness. Washington DC: Zero to Three. http://www. zerotothree. org